DLM(ASCP) EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL
EXAM 230 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES|AGRADE
Project Volumes (forecasting stage) - ANSWER>>based on expert opinion, stats,
historical data, shifts in patient mix, changes in medical staff composition,
changes in inflation/reimbursement ratws, expansion/cutbacks, population
fluctuations based on economy
Steps to creating a budget - ANSWER>>1. project volumes
2. convert volumes to revenue
3. convert volumes into expense requirements
4. Adjust revenue/ expenses as necessary to meet budget margin
gross revenue - ANSWER>>Rates x Production Unit (Billable test volume)
Expenses - ANSWER>>salaries/wages, reference service, instrument lease,
maintenance contracts, education/travel
Financial Statements - ANSWER>>convey the financial status of an organization
4 main types - income statement, balance sheet statement of changes in equity
and statement of cash flows.
income statement - ANSWER>>summarizes the operations of an organization
with a focus on its revenues, expenses, and profitability. contains operational
results over a period of time.
depreciation - ANSWER>>noncash charge against earnings on income statement
that reflect the "wear and tear" on a business' fixed assets (property and
equipment). loss of value
,salvage value - ANSWER>>amount received when final disposition occurs at end
of the asset's useful life.
annual depreciation - ANSWER>>(initial cost - salvage value)/ useful life
Profit - ANSWER>>net income -expense
cashflow - ANSWER>>net income + depreciation
Total Profit Margin - ANSWER>>Net income divided by total revenues. It
measures the amount of total profit per dollar of total revenues.
fixed costs - ANSWER>>cost not related to the volume of services delivered (ex.
facilities cost, lab admin, instrument leases, maintenance contracts)
variable cost - ANSWER>>directly related to the volume of services delivered (ex.
supplies, labor costs)
Profit Analysis - ANSWER>>technique use to analyze the effects of volume
changes on profit. can also be used to analyze effects of volume changes on costs.
Total Costs - ANSWER>>fixed costs + variable costs
Variable costs = variable cost rate x volume
contribution margin - ANSWER>>difference between per unit revenue and per
unit variable cost. gives the amount left to cover the fixed costs. after fixed costs
are covered what's left contributes to the profit.
accounting breakeven - ANSWER>>Volume needed to produce zero profit.
Revenues cover all accounting costs.
Total Revenue (cost x volume) - Total Variable (variable cost rate x volume) - fixed
costs = $0
,economic breakeven - ANSWER>>occurs when all accounting costs plus a profit
target are covered
total revenue - total variable cost- fixed cost = profit
Surcharge/Cost Plus - ANSWER>>used for reference/send out testing. Determine
cost of doing a procedure then add markup factor to get appropriate price.
weight value basis - ANSWER>>each test performed is assigned a weight based on
cost of performing the test in relation to the procedure.
patient day factor - ANSWER>>the number of patients in a hospital on a given
day.
(average patient day/ daily census for the year) x 365
tests per patient days - ANSWER>>test volume/ patient days
revenue per test - ANSWER>>gross revenue/test volume
direct costs - ANSWER>>test-specific costs (Variable)
examples - supplies, instrumentation, reagents, tech time
indirect cost - ANSWER>>remain constant
examples - lab admin, medical records, house keeping, utilities, etc. (fixed/semi-
variable)
unit costs - ANSWER>>total direct + indirect expenses
Employment cycle - ANSWER>>covers all stages in the process of employing staff:
1. recruitment and acquisition costs (pre-employment screen)
2. training/developmental costs (ongoing)
3. productive/operational periods
4. termination/separation of employee from institution costs
, analyze labor costs - ANSWER>>institutional labor cost evaluation (employment
cycle)
technical evaluation of labor cost - assign labor costs to production activities that
generate expenses. helps manager identify where efforts are being expended and
productivity
accounting and budgeting labor analysis - helps monitor staffing levels,
productivity and management performance against budget objectives
preanalytical time - ANSWER>>specimen collection, prep, instrument
analytical time - ANSWER>>performing/resulting tests
post analytical time - ANSWER>>reporting and routine maintenance
total hours - ANSWER>>productive hours + nonproductive hours
productive hours - ANSWER>>actual worked hours includes overtime and training
nonproductive hours - ANSWER>>compensated but not worked. sick leave,
vacation, bereavement, etc.
Full-time equivalent (FTE) - ANSWER>>An employee who works full-time, 40
hours per week, 2080 hours per year (total number of hours paid/ 2080)
171 or 177 hours - per month
Productivity Measurement - ANSWER>>workload unit (WLU)/ labor units
time studies - ANSWER>>time required for handling, testing, recording and
reporting, daily and periodic activities, maintenance and repair, and direct
technical supervision.
paid productivity - ANSWER>>tests/ number paid hours
EXAM 230 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES|AGRADE
Project Volumes (forecasting stage) - ANSWER>>based on expert opinion, stats,
historical data, shifts in patient mix, changes in medical staff composition,
changes in inflation/reimbursement ratws, expansion/cutbacks, population
fluctuations based on economy
Steps to creating a budget - ANSWER>>1. project volumes
2. convert volumes to revenue
3. convert volumes into expense requirements
4. Adjust revenue/ expenses as necessary to meet budget margin
gross revenue - ANSWER>>Rates x Production Unit (Billable test volume)
Expenses - ANSWER>>salaries/wages, reference service, instrument lease,
maintenance contracts, education/travel
Financial Statements - ANSWER>>convey the financial status of an organization
4 main types - income statement, balance sheet statement of changes in equity
and statement of cash flows.
income statement - ANSWER>>summarizes the operations of an organization
with a focus on its revenues, expenses, and profitability. contains operational
results over a period of time.
depreciation - ANSWER>>noncash charge against earnings on income statement
that reflect the "wear and tear" on a business' fixed assets (property and
equipment). loss of value
,salvage value - ANSWER>>amount received when final disposition occurs at end
of the asset's useful life.
annual depreciation - ANSWER>>(initial cost - salvage value)/ useful life
Profit - ANSWER>>net income -expense
cashflow - ANSWER>>net income + depreciation
Total Profit Margin - ANSWER>>Net income divided by total revenues. It
measures the amount of total profit per dollar of total revenues.
fixed costs - ANSWER>>cost not related to the volume of services delivered (ex.
facilities cost, lab admin, instrument leases, maintenance contracts)
variable cost - ANSWER>>directly related to the volume of services delivered (ex.
supplies, labor costs)
Profit Analysis - ANSWER>>technique use to analyze the effects of volume
changes on profit. can also be used to analyze effects of volume changes on costs.
Total Costs - ANSWER>>fixed costs + variable costs
Variable costs = variable cost rate x volume
contribution margin - ANSWER>>difference between per unit revenue and per
unit variable cost. gives the amount left to cover the fixed costs. after fixed costs
are covered what's left contributes to the profit.
accounting breakeven - ANSWER>>Volume needed to produce zero profit.
Revenues cover all accounting costs.
Total Revenue (cost x volume) - Total Variable (variable cost rate x volume) - fixed
costs = $0
,economic breakeven - ANSWER>>occurs when all accounting costs plus a profit
target are covered
total revenue - total variable cost- fixed cost = profit
Surcharge/Cost Plus - ANSWER>>used for reference/send out testing. Determine
cost of doing a procedure then add markup factor to get appropriate price.
weight value basis - ANSWER>>each test performed is assigned a weight based on
cost of performing the test in relation to the procedure.
patient day factor - ANSWER>>the number of patients in a hospital on a given
day.
(average patient day/ daily census for the year) x 365
tests per patient days - ANSWER>>test volume/ patient days
revenue per test - ANSWER>>gross revenue/test volume
direct costs - ANSWER>>test-specific costs (Variable)
examples - supplies, instrumentation, reagents, tech time
indirect cost - ANSWER>>remain constant
examples - lab admin, medical records, house keeping, utilities, etc. (fixed/semi-
variable)
unit costs - ANSWER>>total direct + indirect expenses
Employment cycle - ANSWER>>covers all stages in the process of employing staff:
1. recruitment and acquisition costs (pre-employment screen)
2. training/developmental costs (ongoing)
3. productive/operational periods
4. termination/separation of employee from institution costs
, analyze labor costs - ANSWER>>institutional labor cost evaluation (employment
cycle)
technical evaluation of labor cost - assign labor costs to production activities that
generate expenses. helps manager identify where efforts are being expended and
productivity
accounting and budgeting labor analysis - helps monitor staffing levels,
productivity and management performance against budget objectives
preanalytical time - ANSWER>>specimen collection, prep, instrument
analytical time - ANSWER>>performing/resulting tests
post analytical time - ANSWER>>reporting and routine maintenance
total hours - ANSWER>>productive hours + nonproductive hours
productive hours - ANSWER>>actual worked hours includes overtime and training
nonproductive hours - ANSWER>>compensated but not worked. sick leave,
vacation, bereavement, etc.
Full-time equivalent (FTE) - ANSWER>>An employee who works full-time, 40
hours per week, 2080 hours per year (total number of hours paid/ 2080)
171 or 177 hours - per month
Productivity Measurement - ANSWER>>workload unit (WLU)/ labor units
time studies - ANSWER>>time required for handling, testing, recording and
reporting, daily and periodic activities, maintenance and repair, and direct
technical supervision.
paid productivity - ANSWER>>tests/ number paid hours
