MMBIO 221 TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+
GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
Edward Jenner
Smallpox
Paul Ehrlich
Looked for a "magic bullet" to kill pathogens
Alexander Fleming
penicillin
Joseph Lister
Aseptic Surgery
John Snow
Father of Epidemiology
Ignaz Semmelweis
hand washing prevent infections
Robert Koch
cultivation of bacteria on solid media
Louis Pasteur
swan-necked flasks
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
primitive microscope
Francesco Redo
disproved spontaneous generation of flies from meat
Carl Woese
created the three domains (bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes)
Pili
bacterial conjugation
Mitochondrion
endosymbiotic theory
Endospore
survives in harsh conditions
Axial Filaments
responsible for motility of spirochetes
Cell Membrane
Permeable barrier of the cell
Flagella
Made in Eukaryotes out of tubulin
Glycocalyx
composed of polysaccharides "sugar cup"
Fimbria
short, nonmotile, adherence
Ribosomes
protein synthesis
, Peptidoglycan
polysaccharide chain cross-linked by short peptides
Glycolysis
Glucose turns into pyruvate, NADH, and ATP
Krebs Cycle
Acetyl CoA goes in, NADH FADH2 CO2 and GTP come out
Electron Transport Chain
FADH2, NADH create a proton gradient via cytochromes and H2O forms
Fermentation
regenerates NAD from NADH and creates lactic acid and alcohol and CO2
Beta Oxidation
Fats are broken down to create acetyl groups
Cell Wall
contain peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acids, lipopolysaccharides tetrapeptide cross-links
containing both D- and L- amino acids
Gram positive
Teichoic acids, peptidoglycan, appears blue after acid-fast stain (appears purple)
Gram negative
Lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, Lipid A, appears blue after acid-fast stain (appears
pink)
Acid-fast
Peptidoglycan, mycolic acid. (stain pink) non acid fast (stain blue)
Gram Stains
Crystal Violet, Iodine, Alcohol (wash) and Safranin
Endospores stain color
spore stains green, bacteria stain red
Flagellar
increase diameter and colorize flagella. will be visible
Capsule
negative stain. capsules are clear and everything else is pink
Plasmolysis
water leaving a plant cell
Crenation
water leaving a RBC
Lysis
water rushes into a cell
Cell wall?
hypotonic will not cause lysis
Transferase
move one functional group to another molecule
Kinase
moves a phosphate group
Dehydrogenase
removes hydrogen atoms
Oxidoreductase
redox reactions
GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
Edward Jenner
Smallpox
Paul Ehrlich
Looked for a "magic bullet" to kill pathogens
Alexander Fleming
penicillin
Joseph Lister
Aseptic Surgery
John Snow
Father of Epidemiology
Ignaz Semmelweis
hand washing prevent infections
Robert Koch
cultivation of bacteria on solid media
Louis Pasteur
swan-necked flasks
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
primitive microscope
Francesco Redo
disproved spontaneous generation of flies from meat
Carl Woese
created the three domains (bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes)
Pili
bacterial conjugation
Mitochondrion
endosymbiotic theory
Endospore
survives in harsh conditions
Axial Filaments
responsible for motility of spirochetes
Cell Membrane
Permeable barrier of the cell
Flagella
Made in Eukaryotes out of tubulin
Glycocalyx
composed of polysaccharides "sugar cup"
Fimbria
short, nonmotile, adherence
Ribosomes
protein synthesis
, Peptidoglycan
polysaccharide chain cross-linked by short peptides
Glycolysis
Glucose turns into pyruvate, NADH, and ATP
Krebs Cycle
Acetyl CoA goes in, NADH FADH2 CO2 and GTP come out
Electron Transport Chain
FADH2, NADH create a proton gradient via cytochromes and H2O forms
Fermentation
regenerates NAD from NADH and creates lactic acid and alcohol and CO2
Beta Oxidation
Fats are broken down to create acetyl groups
Cell Wall
contain peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acids, lipopolysaccharides tetrapeptide cross-links
containing both D- and L- amino acids
Gram positive
Teichoic acids, peptidoglycan, appears blue after acid-fast stain (appears purple)
Gram negative
Lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, Lipid A, appears blue after acid-fast stain (appears
pink)
Acid-fast
Peptidoglycan, mycolic acid. (stain pink) non acid fast (stain blue)
Gram Stains
Crystal Violet, Iodine, Alcohol (wash) and Safranin
Endospores stain color
spore stains green, bacteria stain red
Flagellar
increase diameter and colorize flagella. will be visible
Capsule
negative stain. capsules are clear and everything else is pink
Plasmolysis
water leaving a plant cell
Crenation
water leaving a RBC
Lysis
water rushes into a cell
Cell wall?
hypotonic will not cause lysis
Transferase
move one functional group to another molecule
Kinase
moves a phosphate group
Dehydrogenase
removes hydrogen atoms
Oxidoreductase
redox reactions
