RNSG 1125 EXAMS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+
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abduction
Movement of a body part away from the median plane (of the body, in the case of limbs;
of the hand or foot, in the case of digits).
Monocular rotation (duction) of the eye toward the temple.
A position resulting from such movement.
abscess
A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate appearing in an acute or chronic
localized infection, caused by tissue destruction and frequently associated with swelling,
pain, and other signs of inflammation.
A cavity formed by liquefactive necrosis within solid tissue; healing may be promoted by
excision and drainage.
abrasion
An excoriation, or circumscribed removal of the superficial layers of skin or mucous
membrane. SYN abraded wound
A scraping away of a portion of the surface.
In dentistry, the pathologic grinding or wearing away of tooth substance by incorrect
tooth-brushing methods, the presence of foreign objects, bruxism, or similar causes.
acute
Referring to a disease of sudden onset and brief course, not chronic, sometimes loosely
used to mean severe.
Referring to treatment or exposure: brief, intense, short-term; sometimes specifically
referring to brief exposure of high intensity.
adduction
Movement of a body part toward the median plane (of the body, in the case of limbs; of
the hand or foot, in the case of digits) or midline of the body.
Monocular rotation (duction) of the eye toward the nose.
A position resulting from such movement
adverse reaction
Any undesirable or unwanted consequence of a preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic
procedure or regimen.
alkalosis
A state characterized by a decrease in the hydrogen ion concentration of arterial blood
below the normal level, 40 nmol/L, or pH over 7.45. The condition may be caused by H-
ion loss or base excess in body fluids (metabolic alkalosis), or caused by CO2 loss due
to hyperventilation (respiratory alkalosis).
allergic reaction
A local or general reaction of an organism following contact with a specific allergen to
which it has been previously exposed and sensitized.
alopecia
, Complete or partial absence or loss of hair. Results from normal aging, endocrine
disorders, skin disease, or drug reactions (especially various forms of chemotherapy).
SYN baldness
ampule
A hermetically sealed container, usually made of glass, containing a sterile medicinal
solution, or powder to be made up in solution, to be used for subcutaneous,
intramuscular, or intravenous injection.
anaphylaxis
The immediate, transient Type 1 immunologic (allergic) reaction characterized by
contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of capillaries due to release of
pharmacologically active substances (histamine, bradykinin, serotonin, and slow-
reacting substance), classically initiated by the combination of antigen (allergen) with
mast-cell-fixed, cytophilic antibody (chiefly IgE); the reaction can be initiated, also, by
relatively large quantities of serum aggregates (antigen-antibody complexes, and
others) that seemingly activate complement leading to production of anaphylatoxin, a
reaction sometimes termed "aggregate anaphylaxis." Cf. anaphylactoid shock
antipyretic
Reducing fever. SYN antifebrile
An agent that reduces fever
antiseptic
Relating to antisepsis.
An agent or substance capable of effecting antisepsis.
anuria
Absence of urine formation.
anemia
Any condition in which the number of red blood cells per mm3, the amount of
hemoglobin in 100 mL of blood, or the volume of packed red blood cells per 100 mL of
blood is less than normal; clinically, generally pertaining to the concentration of oxygen-
transporting material in a designated volume of blood. It is frequently manifested by
pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, shortness of breath, palpitations of the heart,
soft systolic murmurs, lethargy, and fatigability. SYN anaemia
aneurysm
A localized dilation of a blood vessel, usually due to an acquired or congenital
weakness of the wall of the blood vessel.
Circumscribed dilation of a cardiac chamber usually due to an acquired or congenital
weakness of the wall of the heart.
anus
The lower opening of the alimentary (digestive) tract, lying in the intergluteal cleft
between the buttocks, through which feces or excrement is discharged
apex
The extremity of a conic or pyramidal structure, such as the heart or the lung.
aphagia
Inability to eat.
apnea
Absence of spontaneous breathing
ascites
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abduction
Movement of a body part away from the median plane (of the body, in the case of limbs;
of the hand or foot, in the case of digits).
Monocular rotation (duction) of the eye toward the temple.
A position resulting from such movement.
abscess
A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate appearing in an acute or chronic
localized infection, caused by tissue destruction and frequently associated with swelling,
pain, and other signs of inflammation.
A cavity formed by liquefactive necrosis within solid tissue; healing may be promoted by
excision and drainage.
abrasion
An excoriation, or circumscribed removal of the superficial layers of skin or mucous
membrane. SYN abraded wound
A scraping away of a portion of the surface.
In dentistry, the pathologic grinding or wearing away of tooth substance by incorrect
tooth-brushing methods, the presence of foreign objects, bruxism, or similar causes.
acute
Referring to a disease of sudden onset and brief course, not chronic, sometimes loosely
used to mean severe.
Referring to treatment or exposure: brief, intense, short-term; sometimes specifically
referring to brief exposure of high intensity.
adduction
Movement of a body part toward the median plane (of the body, in the case of limbs; of
the hand or foot, in the case of digits) or midline of the body.
Monocular rotation (duction) of the eye toward the nose.
A position resulting from such movement
adverse reaction
Any undesirable or unwanted consequence of a preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic
procedure or regimen.
alkalosis
A state characterized by a decrease in the hydrogen ion concentration of arterial blood
below the normal level, 40 nmol/L, or pH over 7.45. The condition may be caused by H-
ion loss or base excess in body fluids (metabolic alkalosis), or caused by CO2 loss due
to hyperventilation (respiratory alkalosis).
allergic reaction
A local or general reaction of an organism following contact with a specific allergen to
which it has been previously exposed and sensitized.
alopecia
, Complete or partial absence or loss of hair. Results from normal aging, endocrine
disorders, skin disease, or drug reactions (especially various forms of chemotherapy).
SYN baldness
ampule
A hermetically sealed container, usually made of glass, containing a sterile medicinal
solution, or powder to be made up in solution, to be used for subcutaneous,
intramuscular, or intravenous injection.
anaphylaxis
The immediate, transient Type 1 immunologic (allergic) reaction characterized by
contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of capillaries due to release of
pharmacologically active substances (histamine, bradykinin, serotonin, and slow-
reacting substance), classically initiated by the combination of antigen (allergen) with
mast-cell-fixed, cytophilic antibody (chiefly IgE); the reaction can be initiated, also, by
relatively large quantities of serum aggregates (antigen-antibody complexes, and
others) that seemingly activate complement leading to production of anaphylatoxin, a
reaction sometimes termed "aggregate anaphylaxis." Cf. anaphylactoid shock
antipyretic
Reducing fever. SYN antifebrile
An agent that reduces fever
antiseptic
Relating to antisepsis.
An agent or substance capable of effecting antisepsis.
anuria
Absence of urine formation.
anemia
Any condition in which the number of red blood cells per mm3, the amount of
hemoglobin in 100 mL of blood, or the volume of packed red blood cells per 100 mL of
blood is less than normal; clinically, generally pertaining to the concentration of oxygen-
transporting material in a designated volume of blood. It is frequently manifested by
pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, shortness of breath, palpitations of the heart,
soft systolic murmurs, lethargy, and fatigability. SYN anaemia
aneurysm
A localized dilation of a blood vessel, usually due to an acquired or congenital
weakness of the wall of the blood vessel.
Circumscribed dilation of a cardiac chamber usually due to an acquired or congenital
weakness of the wall of the heart.
anus
The lower opening of the alimentary (digestive) tract, lying in the intergluteal cleft
between the buttocks, through which feces or excrement is discharged
apex
The extremity of a conic or pyramidal structure, such as the heart or the lung.
aphagia
Inability to eat.
apnea
Absence of spontaneous breathing
ascites
