Motor Control Exam 2 Questions and
Answers
What is the study of how skills are achieved and how the body organizes movement to
achieve those skills? - correct answer-Motor Control
Who developed the theories of reflex arcs, excitatory/inhibatory processes,
sensory/nociceptors, and coined the terms "proprioception" and "synapse?" - correct
answer-Sherrington
Who is famous for their work with deafferentation and non-use in monkeys? - correct
answer-Taub
Who is famous for their work with conditioned reflexes in dogs? - correct answer-Pavlov
Who is famous for their work favoring that mvmts were active and goal oriented
(eventually leading to the degrees of freedom problem) and demonstrated *motor
equivalence and effector independency*. - correct answer-Bernstein
Who is famous for their "principle of reafference" which explains the interaction of
inhibition and excitatory motor units w/input from sensory system. - correct answer-Erich
von Holst
Who explained the speed-accuracy trade off? - correct answer-Paul Fitts
Who explained that reaction time is analagous to how much planning time is needed (or
how complex the task is) and that motor skills are highly specific (specificity hypothesis).
- correct answer-Franklin Henry
Who postulated the existence of two types of memory, or "traces", with the perceptual
trace becoming more refined with SAME, repetitive practice? - correct answer-Jack
Adams
Who postulated recall and recognition "schemas", with the main difference from Jack
Adams being that schemas aren't specific to a movement but are generalized to the
relationships that occur in mvt? - correct answer-Richard Schmidt
Who is famous for the equilibrium point control, or Lambda model, that says the nervous
system focus on final equilibrium position. - correct answer-Anatol Feldman
, Forward models of MC state what? - correct answer-That motor control is all about
reducing the prediction errors.
Why are inverse kinematics and inverse dynamics theories preposterous? - correct
answer-The brain simply cannot hold the information to calculate the position, direction,
and velocity for all muscles. (kinematics)
Brain cannot calculate forces and EMG patterns for all muscles (dynamics)
Which theories state that the nervous system can have an organized motor response
not entirely dependent on sensory information, the limitation being we cannot ignore
importance of sensory input.
(Translation: we have a toolbox for every task that we encounter) - correct answer-
motor programming theories
Which theories are about goal oriented movement with the perception of information
leading to action more than sensation? (such as velocity of objects in enviornment) -
correct answer-ecological theories
individual must explore all possible ways a task can be accomplished
Which theories focus on global mvt parameters vs CNS command of individual
parametrs? - correct answer-dynamic systems theories
includes the studies of transitions btw mvts
variability
What is a discrete skill? - correct answer-A task w/ a recognizable beginning and end.
ex, kicking, throwing
What is a continuous skill? - correct answer-A task w/ no recognizable beginning or end,
but you can pick where it starts and stops...ex, gait cycle.
What is a serial skill? - correct answer-A number of discreet tasks strung together.
ex, starting a fire, starting a car
T/f, closed skills are completed in an environment that is constantly changing. - correct
answer-False, a constantly changing environment is an open skill
What type of validity evaluates if the instrument measures what it is supposed to
measure accurately? - correct answer-content validity (does a functional scale actually
cover all areas of function?)
Answers
What is the study of how skills are achieved and how the body organizes movement to
achieve those skills? - correct answer-Motor Control
Who developed the theories of reflex arcs, excitatory/inhibatory processes,
sensory/nociceptors, and coined the terms "proprioception" and "synapse?" - correct
answer-Sherrington
Who is famous for their work with deafferentation and non-use in monkeys? - correct
answer-Taub
Who is famous for their work with conditioned reflexes in dogs? - correct answer-Pavlov
Who is famous for their work favoring that mvmts were active and goal oriented
(eventually leading to the degrees of freedom problem) and demonstrated *motor
equivalence and effector independency*. - correct answer-Bernstein
Who is famous for their "principle of reafference" which explains the interaction of
inhibition and excitatory motor units w/input from sensory system. - correct answer-Erich
von Holst
Who explained the speed-accuracy trade off? - correct answer-Paul Fitts
Who explained that reaction time is analagous to how much planning time is needed (or
how complex the task is) and that motor skills are highly specific (specificity hypothesis).
- correct answer-Franklin Henry
Who postulated the existence of two types of memory, or "traces", with the perceptual
trace becoming more refined with SAME, repetitive practice? - correct answer-Jack
Adams
Who postulated recall and recognition "schemas", with the main difference from Jack
Adams being that schemas aren't specific to a movement but are generalized to the
relationships that occur in mvt? - correct answer-Richard Schmidt
Who is famous for the equilibrium point control, or Lambda model, that says the nervous
system focus on final equilibrium position. - correct answer-Anatol Feldman
, Forward models of MC state what? - correct answer-That motor control is all about
reducing the prediction errors.
Why are inverse kinematics and inverse dynamics theories preposterous? - correct
answer-The brain simply cannot hold the information to calculate the position, direction,
and velocity for all muscles. (kinematics)
Brain cannot calculate forces and EMG patterns for all muscles (dynamics)
Which theories state that the nervous system can have an organized motor response
not entirely dependent on sensory information, the limitation being we cannot ignore
importance of sensory input.
(Translation: we have a toolbox for every task that we encounter) - correct answer-
motor programming theories
Which theories are about goal oriented movement with the perception of information
leading to action more than sensation? (such as velocity of objects in enviornment) -
correct answer-ecological theories
individual must explore all possible ways a task can be accomplished
Which theories focus on global mvt parameters vs CNS command of individual
parametrs? - correct answer-dynamic systems theories
includes the studies of transitions btw mvts
variability
What is a discrete skill? - correct answer-A task w/ a recognizable beginning and end.
ex, kicking, throwing
What is a continuous skill? - correct answer-A task w/ no recognizable beginning or end,
but you can pick where it starts and stops...ex, gait cycle.
What is a serial skill? - correct answer-A number of discreet tasks strung together.
ex, starting a fire, starting a car
T/f, closed skills are completed in an environment that is constantly changing. - correct
answer-False, a constantly changing environment is an open skill
What type of validity evaluates if the instrument measures what it is supposed to
measure accurately? - correct answer-content validity (does a functional scale actually
cover all areas of function?)
