Motor Control Exam 3 with Complete
Solutions
3 stages of the Fitts and Posner Model - correct answer-Cognitive (Novice/Beginner)
Associative (Intermediate)
Autonomous (Expert/Highly Skilled)
Cognitive Stage (*Person Characteristics*) - correct answer-Questions "what to do" to
achieve goal.
Movements use large amounts of conscious attention.
Involved in cognitive and movement problem-solving activity.
*Aware of making errors, but doesn't know how to correct.*
Cognitive Stage (*Performance Characteristics*) - correct answer-"In the ballpark"
movement pattern.
Large number of errors.
*Big* errors (losing ski's while going down slope)
High inter-trial variability (not consistent).
Associative Stage (*Person Characteristics*) - correct answer-Performer "associates"
environmental cues with the required movements.
Movements use smaller amounts of conscious attention.
Increased capability to perform simultaneous tasks.
Increased ability to detect errors.
Associative Stage (*Performance Characteristics*) - correct answer-Refinement of
movement pattern.
Smaller and fewer errors.
, Low inter-trial variability (more consistent).
Autonomous Stage (*Person Characteristics*) - correct answer-Movements use very
little, or no conscious attention (automatic).
Capable of performing simultaneous tasks.
Capable of detecting/correcting errors.
Autonomous Stage (*Performance Characteristics*) - correct answer-No inter-trial
variability (consistent movement pattern).
Errors are few and small.
Ex:
Very little peer feedback is required.
2 Stages of the Gentile Model - correct answer-Initial (Novice/Beginner)
Later (Expert/Highly Skilled)
What are *characteristics* of Gentile's Initial Stage? - correct answer-There is a
*Performance Emphasis*: develop movement pattern that allows *some degree of
success*.
Person begins to learn to discriminate regulatory from non-regulatory environmental
conditions (environmental characteristics that allow/disallow movements).
Other performance characteristics similar to *Cognitive Stage*.
What does a *person emphasize* in Gentile's Later Stage? - correct answer-Person
develops capability to *adapt* movements to situation.
More *consistent* in achieving action goal (involves refining movement patterns
developed in *Initial Stage*).
Increase economy of effort while performing skill (less energy used).
Achieving specific goals for *closed* and *open* motor skills.
Later Stage Goals (*Closed Skills*) - correct answer-Goal: Fixation
Focus on increasing consistency of producing *same movement pattern* every time.
Increase capability to adapt to *non-regulatory* conditions.
Ex:
Solutions
3 stages of the Fitts and Posner Model - correct answer-Cognitive (Novice/Beginner)
Associative (Intermediate)
Autonomous (Expert/Highly Skilled)
Cognitive Stage (*Person Characteristics*) - correct answer-Questions "what to do" to
achieve goal.
Movements use large amounts of conscious attention.
Involved in cognitive and movement problem-solving activity.
*Aware of making errors, but doesn't know how to correct.*
Cognitive Stage (*Performance Characteristics*) - correct answer-"In the ballpark"
movement pattern.
Large number of errors.
*Big* errors (losing ski's while going down slope)
High inter-trial variability (not consistent).
Associative Stage (*Person Characteristics*) - correct answer-Performer "associates"
environmental cues with the required movements.
Movements use smaller amounts of conscious attention.
Increased capability to perform simultaneous tasks.
Increased ability to detect errors.
Associative Stage (*Performance Characteristics*) - correct answer-Refinement of
movement pattern.
Smaller and fewer errors.
, Low inter-trial variability (more consistent).
Autonomous Stage (*Person Characteristics*) - correct answer-Movements use very
little, or no conscious attention (automatic).
Capable of performing simultaneous tasks.
Capable of detecting/correcting errors.
Autonomous Stage (*Performance Characteristics*) - correct answer-No inter-trial
variability (consistent movement pattern).
Errors are few and small.
Ex:
Very little peer feedback is required.
2 Stages of the Gentile Model - correct answer-Initial (Novice/Beginner)
Later (Expert/Highly Skilled)
What are *characteristics* of Gentile's Initial Stage? - correct answer-There is a
*Performance Emphasis*: develop movement pattern that allows *some degree of
success*.
Person begins to learn to discriminate regulatory from non-regulatory environmental
conditions (environmental characteristics that allow/disallow movements).
Other performance characteristics similar to *Cognitive Stage*.
What does a *person emphasize* in Gentile's Later Stage? - correct answer-Person
develops capability to *adapt* movements to situation.
More *consistent* in achieving action goal (involves refining movement patterns
developed in *Initial Stage*).
Increase economy of effort while performing skill (less energy used).
Achieving specific goals for *closed* and *open* motor skills.
Later Stage Goals (*Closed Skills*) - correct answer-Goal: Fixation
Focus on increasing consistency of producing *same movement pattern* every time.
Increase capability to adapt to *non-regulatory* conditions.
Ex:
