Pharmacotherapy - Diabetes
Medications QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Insulin - ANSWER>>Lowers blood glucose
When to not give insulin - ANSWER>>when blood glucose level is <70 mg/dL
Dextrose - ANSWER>>Increases blood glucose
What do you give to a patient with extremely low blood glucose (other than
insulin)? - ANSWER>>Dextrose (1 amp of D50W) when blood glucose is <54 mg/dL
Do not give dextrose to a patient with what level of blood glucose? -
ANSWER>>elevated; >110 mg/dL
Steroids and Growth Hormone - ANSWER>>decreases insulin sensitivity
Hypoglycemia - ANSWER>>blood sugar <50 mg/dL
Insulin administration sites - ANSWER>>SQ
IV/IM - only Regular insulin
Rapid Insulin - ANSWER>>Aspart and Lispro
Onset: 15-30 minutes
Peak: 0.5 - 3 hrs
Duration: 2 - 6 hrs
Short Insulin - ANSWER>>Regular
Onset: 30 - 60 minutes
Peak: 1 - 5 hrs
Duration: 6 - 12 hours
Intermediate Insulin - ANSWER>>NPH
, Onset: 1-2 hours
Peak: 4-14 hours
Duration: 16-24 hours
Long Acting Insulin - ANSWER>>Glargine
Onset: 60-70 minutes
Peak: NONE
Duration: 18-24 hours
Combination Insulin - ANSWER>>Humalog 50/50, Humalog 75/25, Novolog 70/30,
Humulin 70/30, Novolin 70/30.
Onset: 30-60 minutes, then 1-2 hours
Peak: 2-4 hours, then 6-12 hours
Duration: 6-8 hours, then 18-24 hours
If you draw up two different insulins to mix - ANSWER>>Draw up short-acting
insulin first (Regular), and then intermediate insulin (NPH); aka "clear-to-cloudy"
How long do you have to administer a mixture of insulin after combining them? -
ANSWER>>15 minutes
When do you give Aspart (Rapid)? - ANSWER>>Give within 5-10 minutes of a meal
When do you give Regular Insulin (Short)? - ANSWER>>Give within 30 minutes of
a meal
When do you give Glargine (Long-acting)? - ANSWER>>Give once or twice daily at
the same time each day
Adverse effects of insulin - ANSWER>>Hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy, and
hypokalemia.
DIs with Insulin - ANSWER>>Decrease Glucose (Hypoglycemia): BB, MAOIs,
salicylates, alcohol.
Medications QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Insulin - ANSWER>>Lowers blood glucose
When to not give insulin - ANSWER>>when blood glucose level is <70 mg/dL
Dextrose - ANSWER>>Increases blood glucose
What do you give to a patient with extremely low blood glucose (other than
insulin)? - ANSWER>>Dextrose (1 amp of D50W) when blood glucose is <54 mg/dL
Do not give dextrose to a patient with what level of blood glucose? -
ANSWER>>elevated; >110 mg/dL
Steroids and Growth Hormone - ANSWER>>decreases insulin sensitivity
Hypoglycemia - ANSWER>>blood sugar <50 mg/dL
Insulin administration sites - ANSWER>>SQ
IV/IM - only Regular insulin
Rapid Insulin - ANSWER>>Aspart and Lispro
Onset: 15-30 minutes
Peak: 0.5 - 3 hrs
Duration: 2 - 6 hrs
Short Insulin - ANSWER>>Regular
Onset: 30 - 60 minutes
Peak: 1 - 5 hrs
Duration: 6 - 12 hours
Intermediate Insulin - ANSWER>>NPH
, Onset: 1-2 hours
Peak: 4-14 hours
Duration: 16-24 hours
Long Acting Insulin - ANSWER>>Glargine
Onset: 60-70 minutes
Peak: NONE
Duration: 18-24 hours
Combination Insulin - ANSWER>>Humalog 50/50, Humalog 75/25, Novolog 70/30,
Humulin 70/30, Novolin 70/30.
Onset: 30-60 minutes, then 1-2 hours
Peak: 2-4 hours, then 6-12 hours
Duration: 6-8 hours, then 18-24 hours
If you draw up two different insulins to mix - ANSWER>>Draw up short-acting
insulin first (Regular), and then intermediate insulin (NPH); aka "clear-to-cloudy"
How long do you have to administer a mixture of insulin after combining them? -
ANSWER>>15 minutes
When do you give Aspart (Rapid)? - ANSWER>>Give within 5-10 minutes of a meal
When do you give Regular Insulin (Short)? - ANSWER>>Give within 30 minutes of
a meal
When do you give Glargine (Long-acting)? - ANSWER>>Give once or twice daily at
the same time each day
Adverse effects of insulin - ANSWER>>Hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy, and
hypokalemia.
DIs with Insulin - ANSWER>>Decrease Glucose (Hypoglycemia): BB, MAOIs,
salicylates, alcohol.
