synthesizes argininosuccinate using ATP and aspartate - ANSWER
Argininosuccinate synthetase
transfers a carbamoyl group to ornithine to form citrulline - ANSWER
Ornithine transcarbamoylase
Argininosuccinate lyase - ANSWER non-hydrolytic cleavage of
argininosuccinate
Arginase - ANSWER (hydrolase of arginine) - urea and ornithine
ALT/ALAT - ANSWER alanine aminotransferase
pyruvate <--ALAT--> alanine
AST/ASAT - ANSWER aspartate aminotransferase
oxaloacetate <--ASAT--> aspartate
Ribose 5-phosphate (PPP) is the source of what AA? - ANSWER histidine
(tbh, might not even need to know)
3-PG (glycolysis) is the source of what AAs? - ANSWER CGS
serine, and then
glycine and cysteine
(pretty similar structures)
pyruvate (glycolysis) is the source of what AAs? - ANSWER the branched
AAs (just carbon chains as sidechains): alanine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine
, PEP (glycolysis) is the source of what AAs? - ANSWER aromatic AAs:
tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine
All AAs are made from intermediates in glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, or the
pentose phosphate pathway. What is(are) the source(s) of:
-histidine
-serine, glycine, and cysteine
-branched AAs (just carbon chains as sidechains): alanine, valine, leucine, and
isoleucine
-aromatic AAs: tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine
-glutamate, glutamine, proline, arginine
-aspartate, asparagine, methionine, threonine, lysine - ANSWER - Ribose 5-
phosphate (PPP)
- 3-PG (glycolysis) --> serine --> glycine & cysteine
- pyruvate (glycolysis)
- Erythrose 4-phosphate / E4P (PPP) and PEP (glycolysis)
- α-ketoglutarate (CAC) --> glutamate --> everything else'
- oxaloacetate (CAC) --> aspartate --> everything else
α-ketoglutarate (CAC) is the source of what AAs? - ANSWER Nitrogen stuff
glutamate, glutamine, proline, arginine
oxaloacetate (CAC) is the source of what AAs? - ANSWER aspartate,
asparagine, methionine, threonine, lysine
10 essential AAs - ANSWER MNEM: tht litl mvp (that little mvp)
-Aromatics:
phe, trp, tyr (conditionally essential -- only if phenylalanine available)
(can't build benzenes from scratch)
-oxaloacetate derivatives
lysine, methionine, threonine
-branched:
val, leu, ile
(can't make the hydrocarbon branches from scratch)
Argininosuccinate synthetase
transfers a carbamoyl group to ornithine to form citrulline - ANSWER
Ornithine transcarbamoylase
Argininosuccinate lyase - ANSWER non-hydrolytic cleavage of
argininosuccinate
Arginase - ANSWER (hydrolase of arginine) - urea and ornithine
ALT/ALAT - ANSWER alanine aminotransferase
pyruvate <--ALAT--> alanine
AST/ASAT - ANSWER aspartate aminotransferase
oxaloacetate <--ASAT--> aspartate
Ribose 5-phosphate (PPP) is the source of what AA? - ANSWER histidine
(tbh, might not even need to know)
3-PG (glycolysis) is the source of what AAs? - ANSWER CGS
serine, and then
glycine and cysteine
(pretty similar structures)
pyruvate (glycolysis) is the source of what AAs? - ANSWER the branched
AAs (just carbon chains as sidechains): alanine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine
, PEP (glycolysis) is the source of what AAs? - ANSWER aromatic AAs:
tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine
All AAs are made from intermediates in glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, or the
pentose phosphate pathway. What is(are) the source(s) of:
-histidine
-serine, glycine, and cysteine
-branched AAs (just carbon chains as sidechains): alanine, valine, leucine, and
isoleucine
-aromatic AAs: tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine
-glutamate, glutamine, proline, arginine
-aspartate, asparagine, methionine, threonine, lysine - ANSWER - Ribose 5-
phosphate (PPP)
- 3-PG (glycolysis) --> serine --> glycine & cysteine
- pyruvate (glycolysis)
- Erythrose 4-phosphate / E4P (PPP) and PEP (glycolysis)
- α-ketoglutarate (CAC) --> glutamate --> everything else'
- oxaloacetate (CAC) --> aspartate --> everything else
α-ketoglutarate (CAC) is the source of what AAs? - ANSWER Nitrogen stuff
glutamate, glutamine, proline, arginine
oxaloacetate (CAC) is the source of what AAs? - ANSWER aspartate,
asparagine, methionine, threonine, lysine
10 essential AAs - ANSWER MNEM: tht litl mvp (that little mvp)
-Aromatics:
phe, trp, tyr (conditionally essential -- only if phenylalanine available)
(can't build benzenes from scratch)
-oxaloacetate derivatives
lysine, methionine, threonine
-branched:
val, leu, ile
(can't make the hydrocarbon branches from scratch)
