Systemic Lupus Erythematosus exam
questions with complete solutions 2024
SystemickLupuskErythematosusk-kANS✓✓-
SLEkiskakchronickinflammatorykimmunekdisorderkaffectingkthekskinkandkotherkbo
dykorgans.kAntibodiesktokDNAkandkRNAkcausekankautoimmunekinflammatorykres
ponse,kresultingkinkswellingkandkpain.kItkiskmostkcommonkinkyoungkwomen,kandk
haskakstrongkgenetickfactor.kTheketiologykisknotkknown
SLEkcharacterizedkbykperiodskofk-kANS✓✓-remissionkandkexacerbation
autoantibodykproductionkresultskfromk-kANS✓✓-
hyperreactivitykofkBkcells(humoralkimmunekresponse)
SLEkautoantibodieskreactkwithktheirkcorrespondingkantigenktokformkimmunekcom
plexes,kwhichkarekthenkdepositedkinkthe:k-kANS✓✓-
connectivektissueskofkbloodkvessels,klymphatickvessels,kandkotherktissues
frequentksitekofkcomplexkdepositionkandkdamagekoccurkinkthek-kANS✓✓-kidneys
SystemickLupusk-kANS✓✓-
Systemicklupuskiskthekmostkcommonkformkofklupus,kandkiskwhatkmostkpeoplekm
eankwhenktheykreferktok"lupus."kSystemicklupuskcankbekmildkorksevere.kSomekof
kthekmorekseriouskcomplicationskinvolvingkmajorkorganksystemskare:
inflammationkofkthekkidneysk(lupusknephritis),kwhichkcankaffectkthekbody'skabilit
yktokfilterkwastekfromkthekbloodkandkcankbeksokdamagingkthatkdialysiskorkkidney
ktransplantkmaykbekneededk
kankincreasekinkbloodkpressurekinktheklungsk(pulmonarykhypertension)k
kinflammationkofktheknervousksystemkandkbrain,kwhichkcankcausekmemorykprobl
ems,kconfusion,kheadaches,kandkstrokes
SLEkTriggersk-kANS✓✓-
Whilekakperson'skgeneskmaykincreasekthekchancekthatkhekorkshekwillkdevelopklu
pus,kitktakesksomekkindkofkenvironmentalktriggerktoksetkoffkthekillnesskorktokbrin
gkonkakflare.kExampleskinclude:
•kultravioletkrayskfromktheksunk
•kultravioletkrayskfromkfluorescentklightkbulbsk
•ksulfakdrugs,kwhichkmakekakpersonkmoreksensitivektoktheksun,ksuchkas:kBactrim
®kandkSeptra®k(trimethoprim-
, sulfamethoxazole);ksulfisoxazolek(Gantrisin®);ktolbutamidek(Orinase®);ksulfasala
zinek(Azulfidine®);kdiureticsk
•ksun-sensitizingktetracyclinekdrugsksuchkaskminocyclinek(Minocin®)k
•kpenicillinkorkotherkantibiotickdrugsksuchkas:kamoxicillink(Amoxil®);kampicillink(
AmpicillinkSodiumkADD-Vantage®);kcloxacillink(Cloxapen®)k
•kankinfectionk
•kakcoldkorkakviralkillnessk
•kexhaustionk
•kankinjuryk
•kemotionalkstress,ksuchkaskakdivorce,killness,kdeathkinkthekfamily,korkotherklifekc
omplicationsk
•kanythingkthatkcauseskstressktokthekbody,ksuchkasksurgery,kphysicalkharm,kpreg
nancy,korkgivingkbirth
Althoughkmanykseeminglykunrelatedkfactorskcanktriggerkthekonsetkofklupuskinkak
susceptiblekperson,kscientistskhaveknotedksomekcommonkfeatureskamongkmany
kpeoplekwhokhaveklupus,kincluding:
•kexposurektoktheksunk
•kankinfectionk
•kbeingkpregnantk
•kgivingkbirthk
•kakdrugktakenktoktreatkankillness
Clientskwithkactivekdiseasekhavekankincreasedkriskkfork-kANS✓✓-infections
Earlykmanifestationskincludek-kANS✓✓-
Becauseklupuskcankaffectksokmanykdifferentkorgans,kakwidekrangekofksymptomsk
cankoccur.kTheseksymptomskmaykcomekandkgo,kandkdifferentksymptomskmaykap
pearkatkdifferentktimeskduringkthekcoursekofkthekdisease.
Thekmostkcommonksymptomskofklupus,kwhichkarektheksamekforkfemaleskandkma
les,kare:
•kextremekfatiguek(tiredness)k
•kheadachesk
•kpainfulkorkswollenkjointsk
•kfeverk
•kanemiak(lowknumberskofkredkbloodkcellskorkhemoglobin,korklowktotalkbloodkvol
ume)k
•kswellingk(edema)kinkfeet,klegs,khands,kand/orkaroundkeyesk
•kpainkinkchestkonkdeepkbreathingk(pleurisy)k
•kbutterfly-shapedkrashkacrosskcheekskandknosek
•ksun-korklight-sensitivityk(photosensitivity)k
•khairklossk
•kabnormalkbloodkclottingk
•kfingerskturningkwhitekand/orkbluekwhenkcoldk(Raynaud'skphenomenon)k
•kmouthkorknosekulcers
questions with complete solutions 2024
SystemickLupuskErythematosusk-kANS✓✓-
SLEkiskakchronickinflammatorykimmunekdisorderkaffectingkthekskinkandkotherkbo
dykorgans.kAntibodiesktokDNAkandkRNAkcausekankautoimmunekinflammatorykres
ponse,kresultingkinkswellingkandkpain.kItkiskmostkcommonkinkyoungkwomen,kandk
haskakstrongkgenetickfactor.kTheketiologykisknotkknown
SLEkcharacterizedkbykperiodskofk-kANS✓✓-remissionkandkexacerbation
autoantibodykproductionkresultskfromk-kANS✓✓-
hyperreactivitykofkBkcells(humoralkimmunekresponse)
SLEkautoantibodieskreactkwithktheirkcorrespondingkantigenktokformkimmunekcom
plexes,kwhichkarekthenkdepositedkinkthe:k-kANS✓✓-
connectivektissueskofkbloodkvessels,klymphatickvessels,kandkotherktissues
frequentksitekofkcomplexkdepositionkandkdamagekoccurkinkthek-kANS✓✓-kidneys
SystemickLupusk-kANS✓✓-
Systemicklupuskiskthekmostkcommonkformkofklupus,kandkiskwhatkmostkpeoplekm
eankwhenktheykreferktok"lupus."kSystemicklupuskcankbekmildkorksevere.kSomekof
kthekmorekseriouskcomplicationskinvolvingkmajorkorganksystemskare:
inflammationkofkthekkidneysk(lupusknephritis),kwhichkcankaffectkthekbody'skabilit
yktokfilterkwastekfromkthekbloodkandkcankbeksokdamagingkthatkdialysiskorkkidney
ktransplantkmaykbekneededk
kankincreasekinkbloodkpressurekinktheklungsk(pulmonarykhypertension)k
kinflammationkofktheknervousksystemkandkbrain,kwhichkcankcausekmemorykprobl
ems,kconfusion,kheadaches,kandkstrokes
SLEkTriggersk-kANS✓✓-
Whilekakperson'skgeneskmaykincreasekthekchancekthatkhekorkshekwillkdevelopklu
pus,kitktakesksomekkindkofkenvironmentalktriggerktoksetkoffkthekillnesskorktokbrin
gkonkakflare.kExampleskinclude:
•kultravioletkrayskfromktheksunk
•kultravioletkrayskfromkfluorescentklightkbulbsk
•ksulfakdrugs,kwhichkmakekakpersonkmoreksensitivektoktheksun,ksuchkas:kBactrim
®kandkSeptra®k(trimethoprim-
, sulfamethoxazole);ksulfisoxazolek(Gantrisin®);ktolbutamidek(Orinase®);ksulfasala
zinek(Azulfidine®);kdiureticsk
•ksun-sensitizingktetracyclinekdrugsksuchkaskminocyclinek(Minocin®)k
•kpenicillinkorkotherkantibiotickdrugsksuchkas:kamoxicillink(Amoxil®);kampicillink(
AmpicillinkSodiumkADD-Vantage®);kcloxacillink(Cloxapen®)k
•kankinfectionk
•kakcoldkorkakviralkillnessk
•kexhaustionk
•kankinjuryk
•kemotionalkstress,ksuchkaskakdivorce,killness,kdeathkinkthekfamily,korkotherklifekc
omplicationsk
•kanythingkthatkcauseskstressktokthekbody,ksuchkasksurgery,kphysicalkharm,kpreg
nancy,korkgivingkbirth
Althoughkmanykseeminglykunrelatedkfactorskcanktriggerkthekonsetkofklupuskinkak
susceptiblekperson,kscientistskhaveknotedksomekcommonkfeatureskamongkmany
kpeoplekwhokhaveklupus,kincluding:
•kexposurektoktheksunk
•kankinfectionk
•kbeingkpregnantk
•kgivingkbirthk
•kakdrugktakenktoktreatkankillness
Clientskwithkactivekdiseasekhavekankincreasedkriskkfork-kANS✓✓-infections
Earlykmanifestationskincludek-kANS✓✓-
Becauseklupuskcankaffectksokmanykdifferentkorgans,kakwidekrangekofksymptomsk
cankoccur.kTheseksymptomskmaykcomekandkgo,kandkdifferentksymptomskmaykap
pearkatkdifferentktimeskduringkthekcoursekofkthekdisease.
Thekmostkcommonksymptomskofklupus,kwhichkarektheksamekforkfemaleskandkma
les,kare:
•kextremekfatiguek(tiredness)k
•kheadachesk
•kpainfulkorkswollenkjointsk
•kfeverk
•kanemiak(lowknumberskofkredkbloodkcellskorkhemoglobin,korklowktotalkbloodkvol
ume)k
•kswellingk(edema)kinkfeet,klegs,khands,kand/orkaroundkeyesk
•kpainkinkchestkonkdeepkbreathingk(pleurisy)k
•kbutterfly-shapedkrashkacrosskcheekskandknosek
•ksun-korklight-sensitivityk(photosensitivity)k
•khairklossk
•kabnormalkbloodkclottingk
•kfingerskturningkwhitekand/orkbluekwhenkcoldk(Raynaud'skphenomenon)k
•kmouthkorknosekulcers
