NURSING 617 PHARM EXAM 1, 2 AND FINAL EXAM LATEST VERSIONS (JEAN GENZALE PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS guaranteed a+

NURS 617 PHARM EXAM 1, 2 AND FINAL EXAM LATEST VERSIONS (JEAN GENZALE PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS guaranteed a+ The process by which a medication works on the body. - ANSPharmacodynamics The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted. - ANSPharmacokinetics The study of the influence of genetic factors on drug response that result in the absence, overabundance, or insufficiency of drug-metabolizing enzymes - ANSPharmacogenomics a nearly unavoidable secondary effect of a drug produced at therapeutic doses which is generally predictable and with an intensity that is dose-dependent - ANSMedication side effect A drug-induced, secondary effect of a drug that produces a change in a patients condition that is noxious, harmful or unpleasant, which requires treatment or reduction or discontinuation of the drug and which usually occurs at therapeutic doses. - ANSAdverse Effect exaggerated, but otherwise expected pharmacological effect of a drug - predictable and dose dependent - ex. toxicity of overdose, side effects, secondary effects, drug interactions - ANSType A adverse drug reactions idiosyncratic effects (not expected) - dose independent and unpredictable - intolerance, hypersensitivity, pseudo allergic, idiosyncratic - ANSType B adverse drug reactions the tendency for larger doses of a drug to be required over time to achieve the same effect - ANSDrug tolerance condition where a person's body becomes unable to function normally without a particular drug - ANSPhysical drug dependence a condition in which a person believes that a drug is needed in order to feel good or to function normally - ANSPsychological dependence An immunologic hypersensitivity reaction resulting from the unusual sensitivity of a patient to a particular medication; a type of adverse drug event. - ANSAllergic reaction When a drug may cause a totally unexpected and often opposite effect in a few patients - ANSIdiosyncratic or paradoxical reaction 2 | P a g e medications and environmental chemicals that are thought to cause cancer - ANSCarcinogenic reaction Refers to the drug induced damage that develops in the fetus - ANSTeratogenic reaction Aspirin and Codeine are both analgesic drugs and when administered concurrently the combo provides better pain relief than either one alone. What type of drug interaction is this? - ANSBeneficial potentiative drug-drug interaction Use of Beta Blockers and Diuretics together for hypertension will provide better control blood pressure. What type of drug interaction is this? - ANSBeneficial Potentiative DrugDrug Interaction Use of diazepam together with Morphine will have additive CNS depression and could lead to respiratory distress. What type of drug interaction is this? - ANSHarmful potentiative Drug-Drug interaction Concurrent use of aspirin with Coumadin will significantly increase each others inhibitory effects on blood coagulation, resulting in an increase risk for bleeding. What type of drug interaction is this? - ANSHarmful potentiative Drug-Drug interaction Use of Naloxone after an overdose of Meperidine is an example of what type of drug interaction? - ANSBeneficial inhibitory drug interaction Giving Protamine when there is excessive bleeding from overdose of Heparin is an example of what type of drug interaction? - ANSBeneficial inhibitory drug interaction Giving Naloxone to a patient who is physically dependent to Morphine will reverse Morphines effects provoking an acute withdrawal syndrome. What type of drug interaction is this? - ANSHarmful inhibitory drug interaction Administering loperamide and Milk of Magnesia together will cancel each others actions producing no benefit for the patient either way. What type of drug interaction is this? - ANSHarmful inhibitory drug interaction Injecting NPH insulin into a bottle of regular insulin causing a precipitate and inactivation of the regular insulin is an example of what type of drug interaction? - ANSHarmful inhibitory drug interaction type of drug-drug interaction that occurs when the pharmacokinetics of one drug alter the clinical effects of another drug by altering its pharmacokinetics - ANSPharmacokinetic Drug interctions 3 | P a g e act in the distal tubule to block the reabsorption of the filtered load of NaCl from the nephron back to the blood. They have a natriuretic effect and promote renal excretion of sodium and water. The amount of water in the blood is then decreased which decreases stroke volume and cardiac output therefore decreasing blood pressure. - ANSThiazide Diuretics Very effective in AA and salt sensitive types of hypertension - ANSThiazide diuretics BP medication that commonly causes hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and hypochoremia - ANSThiazide Diuretics Which BP medications should not be used in diabetics, or used with extreme caution? - ANSThiazides increase serum glucose and cause hyperglycemia, they also impair the release of insulin by the pancreas and inhibit tissue utilization of insulin What medication might cause a cross-sensitivity reaction with thiazide diuretics? - ANSSulfonamide antibiotics Exert their effect on the loop of Henle and block reabsorption of NaCl back into the blood producing a significant natriuretic and diuretic effect. This results in a marked reduction in blood volume and blood pressure. - ANSLoop diuretics This blood pressure medication is more potent that Thiazide diuretics and may be important in the therapy of hypertensive patients with some degree of renal insufficiency and when there is some urgency in reducing blood pressure (those with pulmonary edema or CHF) - ANSLoop Diuretics Mot common electrolyte abnormalities when using Loop Diuretics. - ANSHypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Which type of diuretic might cause ototoxicity in a patient who already has limited hearing or those on other ototoxic drugs? - ANSLoop Diuretics block the action of aldosterone (sodium and water retention), which results in potassium retention and the secretion of sodium and water - ANSPotassium sparing diuretics These diuretics offset the potential for hypokalemia - ANSPotassium sparing diuretics Potassium sparing diuretics can cause which dangerous electrolyte imbalance, especially those with renal impairment - ANSHyperkalemia Which diuretic is known to cause gynecomastia - ANSSpironolactone- Potassium sparing diureti