NURS2106 TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+
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Fluid and Electrolytes
necessary for life, homeostasis
anticipate, identify, and respond to possible imbalances
nursing role for fluid and electrolyte balance
60
approximately __% of typical adult is fluid (water and electrolytes)
Osmosis
the diffusion of water caused by fluid and solute concentration gradients.
- area of low concentration to area of high solute concentration.
a higher concentration of extracellular sodium, intracellular potassium
The sodium-potassium pump maintains a what?
by drinking and eating
How do healthy people gain fluid and electrolytes?
equal
Daily I&O's are?
1 ml/mg/hr
How much urine does the kidney's put out?
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
-decreased blood pressure causes the juxtaglomerular cells of kidneys to secrete
renin which converts angiotensinogen (inactive) to angiotensin I (active) which is
then converted into angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
-Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone
- leads to absorption of Na and increased blood pressure
-once blood pressure is restored, there is a decreased drive to stimulate renin release
delirium
Gerontologic considerations: Fluid deficit may cause what?
Hypovolemia
fluid volume deficit
Hypervolemia
Fluid volume excess
vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, GI suctioning
causes of fvd: abnormal losses
Nausea, lack of access to fluids
causes of fvd:
decreased intake
Due to burn, ascites
causes of fvd: thirs space fluid shifts
diabetes insipidus, adrenal insufficiency, hemmorhage
additional causes of fvd:
delayed capillary refill, flat veins, increased HR, low cardiac output, pedal pulses
, clinical manifestations of FVD:
-Can develop rapidly
-depends on degree of loss
oral
medical management of FVD:
______ route is preferred.
IV
medical management of FVD:
__ for acute or severe losses.
Isotonic (0.9% NS, Lactated Ringer's)
Hypotonic (0.45% NS)
Hypertonic (3 %NS)
medical management of FVD: types of solutions
at least every hour, sometimes hourly
Nursing management: how often should I&O's be monitored?
I&O and daily weights
Nursing management: what is used to monitor FVD?
skin and tongue turgor, mucosa, urine output and mental status
Nursing management: what should be assessed in a patient with FVD?
- measures to minimize fluid loss ( giving PRN medications)
-administration of oral and parenteral fluids
Nursing management: What is a nurse's responsibility for a FVD patient?
Fluid volume excess
caused by the abnormal retention of water and sodium in approximately the same
proportions in which they normally exist in the ECF.
fluid volume excess
due to fluid overload or diminished homeostatic mechanisms
heart failure, kidney injury, and cirrhosis of liver
what disease processes can cause FVE?
-excessive amounts of table salt
-excessive administration of sodium containing fluids
contributing factors of FVE
canned goods, soup, and frozen meals
What are examples of food high in sodium?
edema, bounding pulse, distended neck veins, crackles, tachypnea, low BUN, low
HCT, weight gain, increased BP
clinical manifestations of FVE
diuretics and loop diuretics
medical management of FVE: pharmacologic management
always check potassium levels
What should always be done before giving a diuretic to a patient?
cause a decrease in potassium
What do loop diuretics do?
dietary restrictions of sodium
medical management of FVE: Nutritional
I&O and daily weights, assess lung sounds, edema
GRADED .Buy Quality Materials!
Fluid and Electrolytes
necessary for life, homeostasis
anticipate, identify, and respond to possible imbalances
nursing role for fluid and electrolyte balance
60
approximately __% of typical adult is fluid (water and electrolytes)
Osmosis
the diffusion of water caused by fluid and solute concentration gradients.
- area of low concentration to area of high solute concentration.
a higher concentration of extracellular sodium, intracellular potassium
The sodium-potassium pump maintains a what?
by drinking and eating
How do healthy people gain fluid and electrolytes?
equal
Daily I&O's are?
1 ml/mg/hr
How much urine does the kidney's put out?
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
-decreased blood pressure causes the juxtaglomerular cells of kidneys to secrete
renin which converts angiotensinogen (inactive) to angiotensin I (active) which is
then converted into angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
-Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone
- leads to absorption of Na and increased blood pressure
-once blood pressure is restored, there is a decreased drive to stimulate renin release
delirium
Gerontologic considerations: Fluid deficit may cause what?
Hypovolemia
fluid volume deficit
Hypervolemia
Fluid volume excess
vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, GI suctioning
causes of fvd: abnormal losses
Nausea, lack of access to fluids
causes of fvd:
decreased intake
Due to burn, ascites
causes of fvd: thirs space fluid shifts
diabetes insipidus, adrenal insufficiency, hemmorhage
additional causes of fvd:
delayed capillary refill, flat veins, increased HR, low cardiac output, pedal pulses
, clinical manifestations of FVD:
-Can develop rapidly
-depends on degree of loss
oral
medical management of FVD:
______ route is preferred.
IV
medical management of FVD:
__ for acute or severe losses.
Isotonic (0.9% NS, Lactated Ringer's)
Hypotonic (0.45% NS)
Hypertonic (3 %NS)
medical management of FVD: types of solutions
at least every hour, sometimes hourly
Nursing management: how often should I&O's be monitored?
I&O and daily weights
Nursing management: what is used to monitor FVD?
skin and tongue turgor, mucosa, urine output and mental status
Nursing management: what should be assessed in a patient with FVD?
- measures to minimize fluid loss ( giving PRN medications)
-administration of oral and parenteral fluids
Nursing management: What is a nurse's responsibility for a FVD patient?
Fluid volume excess
caused by the abnormal retention of water and sodium in approximately the same
proportions in which they normally exist in the ECF.
fluid volume excess
due to fluid overload or diminished homeostatic mechanisms
heart failure, kidney injury, and cirrhosis of liver
what disease processes can cause FVE?
-excessive amounts of table salt
-excessive administration of sodium containing fluids
contributing factors of FVE
canned goods, soup, and frozen meals
What are examples of food high in sodium?
edema, bounding pulse, distended neck veins, crackles, tachypnea, low BUN, low
HCT, weight gain, increased BP
clinical manifestations of FVE
diuretics and loop diuretics
medical management of FVE: pharmacologic management
always check potassium levels
What should always be done before giving a diuretic to a patient?
cause a decrease in potassium
What do loop diuretics do?
dietary restrictions of sodium
medical management of FVE: Nutritional
I&O and daily weights, assess lung sounds, edema
