NURS2106 TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+
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fluid volume deficits
Cause of hypovolaemia (1)
dry mucous membranes, poor skin turgor, decreased urine output, thirst,
decreased RR/BP, weak, confused
Manifestations of hypovolaemia (7)
fluid replacement, FBC, GCS, capillary refill
Nursing management of a hypovolaemic patient (4)
kidney disease, decreased clotting ability
Predisposing factors for hypovolaemia (2)
fluid volume excess
Cause of hypervolaemia (1)
abnormal retention of water and sodium, oedema, SOB, tachycardia, increased
RR/BP, increased urine output, weight gain
Manifestations of hypervolaemia (6)
sit up, diuretics, FBC, daily weigh, GCS, oxygen therapy, chest physio, salt and
fluid restriction, monitor cardiac changes
Nursing management of hypervolaemia (9)
heart failure, renal failure, high salt diet
Risk factors for hypervolaemia (3)
prolonged fever, renal failure, hyperglycaemia, diarrhoea, vomiting
Causes of dehydration (5)
dry mucous membranes, poor skin turgor, decreased urine output, thirst,
decreased BP, increased HR, weak, confused, high sodium concentrations,
irritability, dizziness, sunken eyelids
Manifestations of dehydration (12)
fluid replacement, FBC, GCS, capillary refill
Nursing management of dehydration (4)
DKA, hyperventilation
Risk factors for dehydration (2)
Expansion of interstitial fluid volume, increased venous hydrostatic pressure,
decreased plasma oncotic pressure, increased interstitial oncotic pressure
Causes of oedema (4)
swelling, shiny/tight/stiff skin, pitting, sudden weight gain, decreased urine
output
Manifestations of odemea (5)
FBC, TEDs, positioning, diuretics, promote exercise, reduce salt intake
Nursing management of oedema (6)
CCBs, NSAIDs, heart failure, kidney disease, cirrhosis of the liver
Risk factors for oedema (5)
loss of sodium, excess water, diarrhoea, vomiting, diuretics, burns
Causes of hyponatraemia (6)
, irritability, confusion, dizziness, hypotension, dry mucous membranes
Manifestations of hyponatraemia (5)
restrict water intake, hypertonic/isotonic IV, high sodium diet, daily weigh, GCS
Nursing management of hyponatraemia (5)
diuretics, sodium wasting renal disease, heart failure, advanced age
Risk factors for hyponatraemia (4)
Excessive sodium intake, inadequate water intake, excessive water loss,
excessive sodium retention
Causes of hypernatraemia (4)
thirst, weakness, postural hypotension, increased serum osmolarity and sodium
levels, tachycardia, restlessness, hypertonic IV fluids
Manifestations of hypernatraemia (7)
hypotonic/isotonic IV fluids, GCS, diuretics
Nursing management of hypernatraemia (3)
renal failure, respiratory infection, hyperglycaemia
Risk factors for hypernatraemia (3)
inadequate potassium intake, excess excretion, diuretics, insulin
Causes of hypokalaemia (4)
fatigue, N&V, polyuria, ECG changes, muscle weakness, weak/irregular pulse
Manifestations of hypokalaemia (6)
potassium chloride, cardiac monitoring, IV access, pathology
Nursing management of hypokalaemia (5)
heart failure, alcoholism
Risk factors for hypokalaemia (2)
increased potassium intake, beta blockers, diuretics, acid-base imbalances, cell
injury, cardiac failure
Cause of hyperkalaemia (6)
irritability, abdominal pain, ECG changes, anxiety, irregular pulse
Manifestations of hyperkalaemia (5)
increased elimination of potassium, force potassium from ECF to ICF with insulin
and glucose, pathology
Nursing management of hyperkalaemia (3)
advanced age, kidney disease, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-II-receptor blockers,
genetics, poor diabetes management, poor management of HT
Risk factors for hyperkalaemia (7)
build up of CO2, COPD, over sedation, asthma, severe obesity
Cause of respiratory acidosis (5)
renal compromise, confusion, SOB, easy fatigue
Manifestations of respiratory acidosis (4)
ABGs, pulmonary function test, bronchodilators, oxygen thx, lifestyle
modifications
Nursing management of respiratory acidosis (5)
obesity, smoking
Risk factors for respiratory acidosis (2)
accumulation of acids, DKA, starvation, renal failure, kidney disease, severe
dehydration
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fluid volume deficits
Cause of hypovolaemia (1)
dry mucous membranes, poor skin turgor, decreased urine output, thirst,
decreased RR/BP, weak, confused
Manifestations of hypovolaemia (7)
fluid replacement, FBC, GCS, capillary refill
Nursing management of a hypovolaemic patient (4)
kidney disease, decreased clotting ability
Predisposing factors for hypovolaemia (2)
fluid volume excess
Cause of hypervolaemia (1)
abnormal retention of water and sodium, oedema, SOB, tachycardia, increased
RR/BP, increased urine output, weight gain
Manifestations of hypervolaemia (6)
sit up, diuretics, FBC, daily weigh, GCS, oxygen therapy, chest physio, salt and
fluid restriction, monitor cardiac changes
Nursing management of hypervolaemia (9)
heart failure, renal failure, high salt diet
Risk factors for hypervolaemia (3)
prolonged fever, renal failure, hyperglycaemia, diarrhoea, vomiting
Causes of dehydration (5)
dry mucous membranes, poor skin turgor, decreased urine output, thirst,
decreased BP, increased HR, weak, confused, high sodium concentrations,
irritability, dizziness, sunken eyelids
Manifestations of dehydration (12)
fluid replacement, FBC, GCS, capillary refill
Nursing management of dehydration (4)
DKA, hyperventilation
Risk factors for dehydration (2)
Expansion of interstitial fluid volume, increased venous hydrostatic pressure,
decreased plasma oncotic pressure, increased interstitial oncotic pressure
Causes of oedema (4)
swelling, shiny/tight/stiff skin, pitting, sudden weight gain, decreased urine
output
Manifestations of odemea (5)
FBC, TEDs, positioning, diuretics, promote exercise, reduce salt intake
Nursing management of oedema (6)
CCBs, NSAIDs, heart failure, kidney disease, cirrhosis of the liver
Risk factors for oedema (5)
loss of sodium, excess water, diarrhoea, vomiting, diuretics, burns
Causes of hyponatraemia (6)
, irritability, confusion, dizziness, hypotension, dry mucous membranes
Manifestations of hyponatraemia (5)
restrict water intake, hypertonic/isotonic IV, high sodium diet, daily weigh, GCS
Nursing management of hyponatraemia (5)
diuretics, sodium wasting renal disease, heart failure, advanced age
Risk factors for hyponatraemia (4)
Excessive sodium intake, inadequate water intake, excessive water loss,
excessive sodium retention
Causes of hypernatraemia (4)
thirst, weakness, postural hypotension, increased serum osmolarity and sodium
levels, tachycardia, restlessness, hypertonic IV fluids
Manifestations of hypernatraemia (7)
hypotonic/isotonic IV fluids, GCS, diuretics
Nursing management of hypernatraemia (3)
renal failure, respiratory infection, hyperglycaemia
Risk factors for hypernatraemia (3)
inadequate potassium intake, excess excretion, diuretics, insulin
Causes of hypokalaemia (4)
fatigue, N&V, polyuria, ECG changes, muscle weakness, weak/irregular pulse
Manifestations of hypokalaemia (6)
potassium chloride, cardiac monitoring, IV access, pathology
Nursing management of hypokalaemia (5)
heart failure, alcoholism
Risk factors for hypokalaemia (2)
increased potassium intake, beta blockers, diuretics, acid-base imbalances, cell
injury, cardiac failure
Cause of hyperkalaemia (6)
irritability, abdominal pain, ECG changes, anxiety, irregular pulse
Manifestations of hyperkalaemia (5)
increased elimination of potassium, force potassium from ECF to ICF with insulin
and glucose, pathology
Nursing management of hyperkalaemia (3)
advanced age, kidney disease, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-II-receptor blockers,
genetics, poor diabetes management, poor management of HT
Risk factors for hyperkalaemia (7)
build up of CO2, COPD, over sedation, asthma, severe obesity
Cause of respiratory acidosis (5)
renal compromise, confusion, SOB, easy fatigue
Manifestations of respiratory acidosis (4)
ABGs, pulmonary function test, bronchodilators, oxygen thx, lifestyle
modifications
Nursing management of respiratory acidosis (5)
obesity, smoking
Risk factors for respiratory acidosis (2)
accumulation of acids, DKA, starvation, renal failure, kidney disease, severe
dehydration
