BIO210 EXAMS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Predict the effects of removing all microbes from the following habitats: your
body, the ocean, a farm, a forest.
Your body: you can get sick fasterThe ocean: 70% production of O2, fish no food and
dieA farm: no cropsA forest: trees won't grow, less oxygen
Explain how the diversity of microbes has arisen on our planet through evolution.
Evolution is the gradual accumulation of changes in the genetic material (DNA) of a
population of organisms which results in structural & functional changes
overtime.Organisms evolve as populations in specific habitats = Diversity
Compare and contrast the three domains of the phylogenetic tree of life
Bacteria and Archaea are both prokaryotic (lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles) while Eukarya consists of eukaryotes, which have a nucleus and complex
organelles within their cells
identify the features of ribosomal RNA that make it useful to compare the
evolutionary relationship between organisms
it contains both highly conserved regions, which remain relatively unchanged across
diverse species due to their critical function in protein synthesis, and variable regions
that evolve at different rates, allowing for differentiation between closely related
organisms
Explain what the human microbiome is, and how it benefits us. Explain how our
behavior impacts its composition and predict the consequences of altering our
microbiota.
The Human Microbiome is the bacteria that live on us and within us. It helps digest our
food, produce certain vitamins, regulate our immune system, and keep us healthy by
protecting us against disease-causing bacteria.
We can alter it by what we eat (diet)
Our environment
Pregnant
Disease
Provide an argument for and against the statement "Viruses are not alive"
They need host cell to reproduce.
They don't have a nucleus.
Can't live alone...be a loner...
They reproduce...makin babies...baby viruses
Describe the process by which you would determine the microbial group
(bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, protozoa, virus) to which a "mystery microbe"
belongs. Diagram your thought process in the form of a flow chart.
Ask a yes or no question...
categorize
branch it off
, Design an experiment to test a hypothesis. Clearly explain what is controlled,
what is varied, and what is measured. Predict what a graph should look like that
supports or refutes the hypothesis.
describe at least two examples of how the scientific method was used in the
history of microbiology to develop concepts that we use today in our everyday
life
describe the process by which you would use Koch's postulates to determine the
pathogen causing an outbreak
first collect samples from diseased individuals, isolate a suspected microorganism from
those samples, grow it in pure culture, then introduce that cultured pathogen into a
healthy susceptible host, observe if the host develops the same disease symptoms, and
finally re-isolate the pathogen from the newly infected host to confirm it matches the
original isolate
Design a growth media to selectively isolate a microbe based on data about its
environmental growth requirements and understand and explain how to apply the
"5 i's"
describe the steps of the streak plate method for isolating colonies
sterilizing the inoculating loop, transferring the sample to the first quadrant, streaking
across the plate in sections while rotating it, sterilizing the loop between each section,
and incubating the plate to allow colonies to grow
list 6 features used to distinguish colony characteristics
shape, elevation, color, texture, consistency and edge
evaluate colony growth on various media and estimate the number adn variety of
colonies
observe the plates visually under a dissecting microscope, noting the size, shape, color,
texture, and edge characteristics of each colony, then count the number of colonies on
each plate while considering the dilution factor used to calculate the original cell
concentration
compare and contrast selective and differential growth media and give examples
of each
Selective media generally selects for the growth of a desired organism, stopping the
growth of or altogether killing non-desired organisms.
Differential media takes advantage of biochemical properties of target organisms, often
leading to a visible change when growth of target organisms are present
provide examples of clinical applications for using the following media blood
agar, mannitol salt agar, macconkey's agar, sabouraud's agar
Blood agar:
Differentiates bacteria based on their hemolytic activity (beta, alpha, gamma).
Mannitol salt agar:
Selects for Staphylococcus species, particularly pathogenic ones like S. aureus.
MacConkey agar:
Selects for Gram-negative enteric bacteria and differentiates lactose fermenters from
non-fermenters.
Sabouraud's agar:
Selective for fungal growth, particularly dermatophytes.
A+GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
Predict the effects of removing all microbes from the following habitats: your
body, the ocean, a farm, a forest.
Your body: you can get sick fasterThe ocean: 70% production of O2, fish no food and
dieA farm: no cropsA forest: trees won't grow, less oxygen
Explain how the diversity of microbes has arisen on our planet through evolution.
Evolution is the gradual accumulation of changes in the genetic material (DNA) of a
population of organisms which results in structural & functional changes
overtime.Organisms evolve as populations in specific habitats = Diversity
Compare and contrast the three domains of the phylogenetic tree of life
Bacteria and Archaea are both prokaryotic (lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles) while Eukarya consists of eukaryotes, which have a nucleus and complex
organelles within their cells
identify the features of ribosomal RNA that make it useful to compare the
evolutionary relationship between organisms
it contains both highly conserved regions, which remain relatively unchanged across
diverse species due to their critical function in protein synthesis, and variable regions
that evolve at different rates, allowing for differentiation between closely related
organisms
Explain what the human microbiome is, and how it benefits us. Explain how our
behavior impacts its composition and predict the consequences of altering our
microbiota.
The Human Microbiome is the bacteria that live on us and within us. It helps digest our
food, produce certain vitamins, regulate our immune system, and keep us healthy by
protecting us against disease-causing bacteria.
We can alter it by what we eat (diet)
Our environment
Pregnant
Disease
Provide an argument for and against the statement "Viruses are not alive"
They need host cell to reproduce.
They don't have a nucleus.
Can't live alone...be a loner...
They reproduce...makin babies...baby viruses
Describe the process by which you would determine the microbial group
(bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, protozoa, virus) to which a "mystery microbe"
belongs. Diagram your thought process in the form of a flow chart.
Ask a yes or no question...
categorize
branch it off
, Design an experiment to test a hypothesis. Clearly explain what is controlled,
what is varied, and what is measured. Predict what a graph should look like that
supports or refutes the hypothesis.
describe at least two examples of how the scientific method was used in the
history of microbiology to develop concepts that we use today in our everyday
life
describe the process by which you would use Koch's postulates to determine the
pathogen causing an outbreak
first collect samples from diseased individuals, isolate a suspected microorganism from
those samples, grow it in pure culture, then introduce that cultured pathogen into a
healthy susceptible host, observe if the host develops the same disease symptoms, and
finally re-isolate the pathogen from the newly infected host to confirm it matches the
original isolate
Design a growth media to selectively isolate a microbe based on data about its
environmental growth requirements and understand and explain how to apply the
"5 i's"
describe the steps of the streak plate method for isolating colonies
sterilizing the inoculating loop, transferring the sample to the first quadrant, streaking
across the plate in sections while rotating it, sterilizing the loop between each section,
and incubating the plate to allow colonies to grow
list 6 features used to distinguish colony characteristics
shape, elevation, color, texture, consistency and edge
evaluate colony growth on various media and estimate the number adn variety of
colonies
observe the plates visually under a dissecting microscope, noting the size, shape, color,
texture, and edge characteristics of each colony, then count the number of colonies on
each plate while considering the dilution factor used to calculate the original cell
concentration
compare and contrast selective and differential growth media and give examples
of each
Selective media generally selects for the growth of a desired organism, stopping the
growth of or altogether killing non-desired organisms.
Differential media takes advantage of biochemical properties of target organisms, often
leading to a visible change when growth of target organisms are present
provide examples of clinical applications for using the following media blood
agar, mannitol salt agar, macconkey's agar, sabouraud's agar
Blood agar:
Differentiates bacteria based on their hemolytic activity (beta, alpha, gamma).
Mannitol salt agar:
Selects for Staphylococcus species, particularly pathogenic ones like S. aureus.
MacConkey agar:
Selects for Gram-negative enteric bacteria and differentiates lactose fermenters from
non-fermenters.
Sabouraud's agar:
Selective for fungal growth, particularly dermatophytes.
