BIO210 EXAMS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Origin of replication
sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule where replication begins.
Replication proteins bind to the origin of replication.
Synthesize
make, construct, build
Parental DNA
the original DNA used as a template to synthesize new DNA
Replication fork
location on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands of DNA are growing
Helicase
enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix
Single-strand (ss) binding proteins
proteins that bind to unwound DNA and keep the complimentary strands apart, ss
binding proteins prevent strands with complimentary base pairs from binding to each
other during replication.
Double-stranded (ds) DNA
DNA that consists of two sugar-phosphate backbones connected through the hydrogen
bonding of base pairs. The DNA of the Watson-Crick model is double-stranded.
Topoisomerases
enzymes that modify the three-dimensional structure of DNA to allow the proper
unwinding necessary for replication.
Primase (= RNA prpimase)
enzyme that allows a short string of RNA to be synthesized by base-pairing
ribonucleotides with the deoxyribonucleotides of a DNA template. DNA polymerase
cannot begin a new strand of DNA it can only add on to bases that are already present,
but primase can begin a new strand of RNA. Therefore after primase directs the
synthesis of a few ribonucleotides, DNA polymerase then takes over and adds
deoxyribonucleotides to the short RNA sequence. Primase adds nucleotides in the 5' to
3' direction.
DNA polymerase
enzyme that directs the synthesis of new strands of DNA. It adds deoxyribonucleotides
to a strand of nucleotides using a DNA template. DNA polyrnerase cannot begin a new
strand of DNA (i.e. it cannot put down the first base, it can only add on to bases that are
already present). DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides in the 5' to 3' direction.
Leading strand
the new strand of DNA that is being synthesized in a direction toward the replication
fork. New nucleotides are added in the 5' to 3' direction. Synthesis of the leading strand
is continuous (not interrupted).
Okazaki fragment
a short segment of nucleotides on the lagging strand of DNA They may consist of a few
ribonucleotides (synthesized by primase) joined to a few deoxyribonucleotides
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Origin of replication
sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule where replication begins.
Replication proteins bind to the origin of replication.
Synthesize
make, construct, build
Parental DNA
the original DNA used as a template to synthesize new DNA
Replication fork
location on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands of DNA are growing
Helicase
enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix
Single-strand (ss) binding proteins
proteins that bind to unwound DNA and keep the complimentary strands apart, ss
binding proteins prevent strands with complimentary base pairs from binding to each
other during replication.
Double-stranded (ds) DNA
DNA that consists of two sugar-phosphate backbones connected through the hydrogen
bonding of base pairs. The DNA of the Watson-Crick model is double-stranded.
Topoisomerases
enzymes that modify the three-dimensional structure of DNA to allow the proper
unwinding necessary for replication.
Primase (= RNA prpimase)
enzyme that allows a short string of RNA to be synthesized by base-pairing
ribonucleotides with the deoxyribonucleotides of a DNA template. DNA polymerase
cannot begin a new strand of DNA it can only add on to bases that are already present,
but primase can begin a new strand of RNA. Therefore after primase directs the
synthesis of a few ribonucleotides, DNA polymerase then takes over and adds
deoxyribonucleotides to the short RNA sequence. Primase adds nucleotides in the 5' to
3' direction.
DNA polymerase
enzyme that directs the synthesis of new strands of DNA. It adds deoxyribonucleotides
to a strand of nucleotides using a DNA template. DNA polyrnerase cannot begin a new
strand of DNA (i.e. it cannot put down the first base, it can only add on to bases that are
already present). DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides in the 5' to 3' direction.
Leading strand
the new strand of DNA that is being synthesized in a direction toward the replication
fork. New nucleotides are added in the 5' to 3' direction. Synthesis of the leading strand
is continuous (not interrupted).
Okazaki fragment
a short segment of nucleotides on the lagging strand of DNA They may consist of a few
ribonucleotides (synthesized by primase) joined to a few deoxyribonucleotides
