NSG 3500 TEST QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS A+
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Powers
Are the physiological forces of labor and birth that include the uterine contractions
(primary powers) and the maternal pushing efforts(secondary powers).
Increment
The beginning of a contraction, the rise in intensity.
Acme
The peak of the contraction.
Decrement
The lessening of the contraction.
Relaxation
The time between contractions when there is no contraction pain and mom can rest and
the placenta is getting better blood flow.
Effacement
Is the process of shortening and thinning of the cervix. As contractions occur, the cervix
becomes progressively shorter until the cervical canal eventually disappears.
Dilation
Is the opening and enlargement of the cervix that progressively occurs throughout the
first stage of labor. 1cm (not dilated)-10cm (fully dilated).
Frequency
Is measured from the beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next
contraction.
Duration
From the start of a contraction to the end of the same contraction.
Intensity
Most frequently measured by uterine palpations and is described in mild (nose),
moderate (chin), and strong (forehead).
Tocodynamometer (TOCO)
External contraction monitoring pressure-sensitive device that is applied against the
uterine fundus. When the contractions occurs the pressure of the belly pushes on the
device and reads out on graph paper. (May not always be accurate data regarding the
intensity).
Intrauterine Pressure Catheter (IUPC)
Is an invasive device that is placed in the uterus. Measures the intensity and duration of
contractions more accurately. (Have to trained on inserting the device). It reads resting
pressure 10-12 mmHg, acme on early labor 25-40, during active labor 50-70, transition
labor 70-90, and maternal pushing in second stage of labor 70-100.
Platypeloid Pelvis
Cannot have vaginal birth, ONLY C-Sections.
Gynecoid Pelvis
In most females. Best for vaginal birth
Passageway
, Consists of the maternal pelvis and the soft tissues. The bony pelvis through which the
fetus must pass is divided into three sections: inlet, midpelvis (pelvic cavity), and outlet.
Passenger
Comprises the fetus and the fetal membranes.
Landmarks of the fetal skull-Mentum
Fetal Chin
Landmarks of the fetal skull- Sinciput
Anterior area known as the "brow"
Landmarks of the fetal skull- Bregma
Large, diamond-shaped anterior fontanelle (soft spot)
Landmarks of the fetal skull- Vertex
The area between the anterior and the posterior fontanelles.
Landmarks of the fetal skull- Occiput
The area of the fetal skull that is occupied bone, beneath the posterior fontanelle.
Fetal Lie
Refers to the relationship of the long axis of the woman to the long axis of the fetus.
Longitudinal Lie of fetus
If the head to tailbone axis of the fetus is the same as the woman's.
Transverse Lie of fetus
If the head to tailbone axis of the fetus is at a 90 degree angle to the woman.
Oblique Lie of fetus
Is one that is at some angle between longitudinal and the transverse lie. The buttocks of
the baby is normally in the birth canal.
Fetal Attitude
Describes the relationship of the fetus body parts to one another.
Fetal Attitude- Flexion
The fetal head is flexed so that the chin touches the chest and the arms are flexed on
the abdomen and the calves are flexed against the posterior aspects of the thighs.
Fetal Presentation
Refers to the fetal part that enters the pelvic inlet first and leads through the birth canal
during labor.
Cephalic Presentation
Identifies that the fetal head will be first to come into contact with the maternal cervix.
Cephalic Presentation-Vertex
The fetal head presents fully flexed. This is the most frequent and optimal presentation
because it allows the smallest suboccipitalbregmatic diameter to present.
Cephalic Presentation- Military
The fetal head presents in a neutral position, which is neither flexed nor extended. The
occipitofrontal diameter presents to the maternal pelvis and the top of the head is
presenting part.
Cephalic Presentation-Brow
The fetal head is partly extended. This is an unstable presentation that converts to a
vertex if the head flexes or to a face presentation if the head extends. The
occipitomental diameter (the largest anteroposterior diameter) presents to the maternal
pelvis and the sinciput (fore and upper part of the cranium) is the presenting part.
Cephalic Presentation-Face
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Powers
Are the physiological forces of labor and birth that include the uterine contractions
(primary powers) and the maternal pushing efforts(secondary powers).
Increment
The beginning of a contraction, the rise in intensity.
Acme
The peak of the contraction.
Decrement
The lessening of the contraction.
Relaxation
The time between contractions when there is no contraction pain and mom can rest and
the placenta is getting better blood flow.
Effacement
Is the process of shortening and thinning of the cervix. As contractions occur, the cervix
becomes progressively shorter until the cervical canal eventually disappears.
Dilation
Is the opening and enlargement of the cervix that progressively occurs throughout the
first stage of labor. 1cm (not dilated)-10cm (fully dilated).
Frequency
Is measured from the beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next
contraction.
Duration
From the start of a contraction to the end of the same contraction.
Intensity
Most frequently measured by uterine palpations and is described in mild (nose),
moderate (chin), and strong (forehead).
Tocodynamometer (TOCO)
External contraction monitoring pressure-sensitive device that is applied against the
uterine fundus. When the contractions occurs the pressure of the belly pushes on the
device and reads out on graph paper. (May not always be accurate data regarding the
intensity).
Intrauterine Pressure Catheter (IUPC)
Is an invasive device that is placed in the uterus. Measures the intensity and duration of
contractions more accurately. (Have to trained on inserting the device). It reads resting
pressure 10-12 mmHg, acme on early labor 25-40, during active labor 50-70, transition
labor 70-90, and maternal pushing in second stage of labor 70-100.
Platypeloid Pelvis
Cannot have vaginal birth, ONLY C-Sections.
Gynecoid Pelvis
In most females. Best for vaginal birth
Passageway
, Consists of the maternal pelvis and the soft tissues. The bony pelvis through which the
fetus must pass is divided into three sections: inlet, midpelvis (pelvic cavity), and outlet.
Passenger
Comprises the fetus and the fetal membranes.
Landmarks of the fetal skull-Mentum
Fetal Chin
Landmarks of the fetal skull- Sinciput
Anterior area known as the "brow"
Landmarks of the fetal skull- Bregma
Large, diamond-shaped anterior fontanelle (soft spot)
Landmarks of the fetal skull- Vertex
The area between the anterior and the posterior fontanelles.
Landmarks of the fetal skull- Occiput
The area of the fetal skull that is occupied bone, beneath the posterior fontanelle.
Fetal Lie
Refers to the relationship of the long axis of the woman to the long axis of the fetus.
Longitudinal Lie of fetus
If the head to tailbone axis of the fetus is the same as the woman's.
Transverse Lie of fetus
If the head to tailbone axis of the fetus is at a 90 degree angle to the woman.
Oblique Lie of fetus
Is one that is at some angle between longitudinal and the transverse lie. The buttocks of
the baby is normally in the birth canal.
Fetal Attitude
Describes the relationship of the fetus body parts to one another.
Fetal Attitude- Flexion
The fetal head is flexed so that the chin touches the chest and the arms are flexed on
the abdomen and the calves are flexed against the posterior aspects of the thighs.
Fetal Presentation
Refers to the fetal part that enters the pelvic inlet first and leads through the birth canal
during labor.
Cephalic Presentation
Identifies that the fetal head will be first to come into contact with the maternal cervix.
Cephalic Presentation-Vertex
The fetal head presents fully flexed. This is the most frequent and optimal presentation
because it allows the smallest suboccipitalbregmatic diameter to present.
Cephalic Presentation- Military
The fetal head presents in a neutral position, which is neither flexed nor extended. The
occipitofrontal diameter presents to the maternal pelvis and the top of the head is
presenting part.
Cephalic Presentation-Brow
The fetal head is partly extended. This is an unstable presentation that converts to a
vertex if the head flexes or to a face presentation if the head extends. The
occipitomental diameter (the largest anteroposterior diameter) presents to the maternal
pelvis and the sinciput (fore and upper part of the cranium) is the presenting part.
Cephalic Presentation-Face
