NSG 3500 TEST QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS A+
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APGAR
heart rate
respiratory effort
muscle tone
reflex irritability
color
A - Appearance (APGAR Scale)
2 no blue
1 blue extremities
0 blue all over
P - Pulse
0: absent
1: below 100 bpm
2: above 100 bpm
G - Grimace (APGAR Scale)
2- Cry on stimulation
1- Grimace on stimulation
0- No response to stimulation
A- Activity
2- Flexed limbs that resist extension
1- Some flexion
0- No movement
R- Respiration
0: absent
1: slow, irregular
2: vigorous cry
Normal APGAR score
7-10
If baby is scored below 7 on APGAR score, what does that indicate?
A problem
Easiest way to check pulse on newborn at delivery
palpate umbilical cord
Baby are typically born with brown fat which
insulates organs
Respiratory transition: 4 factors that initiate the first breath
hypercarbia
Increased carbon dioxide level in the bloodstream.
Acidosis
excessive acidity of body fluids
Hypoxia
increased CO2 prompts medulla to initiate breathing
, How to assess pH on from new borns blood
ABGs can be taken from the umbilical cord
New borns can have periods of apnea lasting
10-20 seconds
Signs of respiratory distress
grunting, nasal flaring, chest/sternal retractions
Increased stimulation of the neonate during the birthing and drying process helps
initiate
cry
Temperature change after birth causes
a lot of stimulation which helps cry
When the chest becomes compressed by the vaginal canal, it causes a initial
small passive inspiration when the chest recoils, causing stimulation
Avoid contact with roof of mouth or back of throat when using
bulb syringe
Position head to the side or downward to prevent
aspirations
After separation from the placenta at birth, the umbilical arteries and veins
constrict as the fetal circulatory system is interrupted
5 changes in cardiac
Increased aortic pressure and decreased venous pressure
Increased systemic pressure and decreased pulmonary pressure
Closure of the former oval
Closure of the ductus arterioles
Closure of the Ductus venous
Three vessels of placenta
two arteries
one vein
When you clamp the umbilical cord, the pressure will
increase pressure in placenta and close the ductus venosus
Heart rate may be a little
tachycardic after birth
The range of temperature in which the newborns body temperature can be
maintained with
minimal metabolic demands and oxygen consumption
Cold stress and the newborn
The biggest concern with cold stress and the newborn is respiratory distress.
Increase in Metabolic demands which impacts oxygen consumption which causes
respiratory distress
less oxygen in blood, which leads to glycolysis, and then metabolic acidosis
The newborn temperature can fall between
0.5 to 5.4 degrees Fahrenheit before leaving the birthing area
If newborns become too cold, the
brown fat can start to burn, which is really bad
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APGAR
heart rate
respiratory effort
muscle tone
reflex irritability
color
A - Appearance (APGAR Scale)
2 no blue
1 blue extremities
0 blue all over
P - Pulse
0: absent
1: below 100 bpm
2: above 100 bpm
G - Grimace (APGAR Scale)
2- Cry on stimulation
1- Grimace on stimulation
0- No response to stimulation
A- Activity
2- Flexed limbs that resist extension
1- Some flexion
0- No movement
R- Respiration
0: absent
1: slow, irregular
2: vigorous cry
Normal APGAR score
7-10
If baby is scored below 7 on APGAR score, what does that indicate?
A problem
Easiest way to check pulse on newborn at delivery
palpate umbilical cord
Baby are typically born with brown fat which
insulates organs
Respiratory transition: 4 factors that initiate the first breath
hypercarbia
Increased carbon dioxide level in the bloodstream.
Acidosis
excessive acidity of body fluids
Hypoxia
increased CO2 prompts medulla to initiate breathing
, How to assess pH on from new borns blood
ABGs can be taken from the umbilical cord
New borns can have periods of apnea lasting
10-20 seconds
Signs of respiratory distress
grunting, nasal flaring, chest/sternal retractions
Increased stimulation of the neonate during the birthing and drying process helps
initiate
cry
Temperature change after birth causes
a lot of stimulation which helps cry
When the chest becomes compressed by the vaginal canal, it causes a initial
small passive inspiration when the chest recoils, causing stimulation
Avoid contact with roof of mouth or back of throat when using
bulb syringe
Position head to the side or downward to prevent
aspirations
After separation from the placenta at birth, the umbilical arteries and veins
constrict as the fetal circulatory system is interrupted
5 changes in cardiac
Increased aortic pressure and decreased venous pressure
Increased systemic pressure and decreased pulmonary pressure
Closure of the former oval
Closure of the ductus arterioles
Closure of the Ductus venous
Three vessels of placenta
two arteries
one vein
When you clamp the umbilical cord, the pressure will
increase pressure in placenta and close the ductus venosus
Heart rate may be a little
tachycardic after birth
The range of temperature in which the newborns body temperature can be
maintained with
minimal metabolic demands and oxygen consumption
Cold stress and the newborn
The biggest concern with cold stress and the newborn is respiratory distress.
Increase in Metabolic demands which impacts oxygen consumption which causes
respiratory distress
less oxygen in blood, which leads to glycolysis, and then metabolic acidosis
The newborn temperature can fall between
0.5 to 5.4 degrees Fahrenheit before leaving the birthing area
If newborns become too cold, the
brown fat can start to burn, which is really bad
