NUR 2115 EXAM 2 REAL EXAM LATEST
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
A reduction (or absence) of kidney function - ANSWER>>Renal failure
Functions of the Kidney:
Acronym for "A WET BED" - ANSWER>>Acid base balance
Water removal
Erythropoesis
Toxin Removal
Blood pressure control
Electrolyte balance
Vitamin D activation
Type of Renal Failure:
Kidney damage or a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) lasting for 3 or more
months
-GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 for 3 or more months
-May result from Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, HTN, and obesity, glomulerulonephritis and
polynephritis; polycystic, hereditary, or congenital disorders; and renal cancer
-Associated disease processes:Nephrosclerosis and Primary glomular disease
-If untreated, can result in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) - ANSWER>>CKD
Pathophysiology of CKD:
Linked to prolonged acute ___________________
-As the nephrons are damaged, the _______________ begins to decline
-Waste products in the blood begin to build up:________________ and _________________
-Renal function declines --> Leading to _________________, _________________,
____________________, _________________ - ANSWER>>Inflammation
GFR
BUN and creatinine
Anemia, metabolic acidosis, imbalanced calcium and phosphorus, fluid retention
Stages of CKD:
Stage 1-2: ____________________________
Stage 3-4:____________________________
,Stage 5:______________________________ - ANSWER>>Mild to no symptoms
May develop azotemia
ESKD
Normal GFR? - ANSWER>>125
Stage of CKD:
GFR: 90 or above
Kidney damage with normal or increased GFR - ANSWER>>Stage 1
Stage of CKD:
GFR: 60-89
Kidney damage with mild decrease in GFR - ANSWER>>Stage 2
Stage of CKD:
GFR: 30-59
Moderate decrease in GFR - ANSWER>>Stage 3
Stage of CKD:
GFR: 15-29
Severe decrease in GFR - ANSWER>>Stage 4
Stage of CKD:
GFR: Less than 15 or dialysis/ kidney transplant
ESKD or chronic renal failure - ANSWER>>Stage 5
Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Diseases that destroy the glomerulus of the kidney
Antigen antibody complexes formed in the blood become trapped in glomerular capillaries,
leading to inflammation and glomerular destruction
Symptoms include: proteinuria, hematuria, decreased GFR, decreased excretion of Na+, edema,
and HTN - ANSWER>>Primary Glomerular Disease
Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Hardening of the renal arteries, reducing blood flow to the kidneys
,Leads to necrosis of renal parenchyma, fibrosis, and glomerular destruction -
ANSWER>>Nephrosclerosis
Primary Glomerular Disease:
Renal failure with glomerular inflammation - ANSWER>>Acute Nephritic Syndrome
Primary Glomerular Disease:
Inflammation of glomerular capillaries (acute or chronic) - ANSWER>>Glomerulonephritis
Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Develops suddenly (days to weeks)
Inflammation of the glomerular capillaries
Caused by previous infections or illnesses- strep throat, viral URI, chicken pox, lupus
Symptoms include: Hematuria, edema , azotemia or proteinuria - ANSWER>>Acute
Glomerulonephritis
Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Develops over time (over months or years)
Repeated insults to the glomeruli causes scar tissue and atrophy of the cortex
Caused by repeated episodes of nephritic syndrome, hypertensive nephrosclerosis,
hyperlipidemia, lupus, goodpasture syndrome, or diabetes
"Silent S&S": HTN, elevated BUN or creatinine, imbalanced electrolytes
Generalized symptoms: Wt. loss, nocturia, headaches, digestive disturbances
Progressive kidney damage: Anemia, poorly nourished, grayish skin color, edema,
cardiomegaly, respiratory (fluid build up) - ANSWER>>Chronic Glomerulonephritis
Associated Disease Process of CKD:
A group of clinical manifestations due to protein wasting through damaged glomeruli
Damaged glomeruli capillaries become permeable to protein resulting in protein loss in the
urine
Hypoalbuminemia develops and causes a decrease serum osmotic pressure which causes fluid
shift
, Caused by diseases that cause damage to the glomerulus and increase glomerular permeability
to plasma proteins
S&S: Edema, proteinuria, mood changes such as irritability, headache and fatigue -
ANSWER>>Nephrotic Syndrome
Urine Diagnostic Studies for Renal Failure:
Examination includes: urine color, clarity, odor, pH, specific gravity, and presence of protein,
glucose - ANSWER>>Urinalysis
Urine Diagnostic Studies for Renal Failure:
Determines presence and type of bacteria present while also identifying which antimicrobial
therapy is effective in treating bacteria
Take a few days to come back - ANSWER>>Urine Culture and Sensitivity
Urine Diagnostic Studies for Renal Failure:
Urine collected in bottles (on ice) for 24 hours
Useful for calculating creatinine clearance, GFR, urine osmolality, Na+ clearance, and other
components of renal function - ANSWER>>Renal Function or 24 hour urine test
Blood Diagnostics for Renal Failure:
Measures type and amount of cells found in the blood such as RBCs, WBCs, and Platelets -
ANSWER>>CBC
Blood Diagnostics for Renal Failure:
Measures electrolytes, renal function, and liver enzymes - ANSWER>>CMP or BMP
Blood Diagnostics for Renal Failure:
Examines acid-base balance - ANSWER>>ABGs
Blood Diagnostics for Renal Failure:
Increases as renal function decreases in response to imbalance of Calcium and Phosphorus -
ANSWER>>PTH
Diagnostics for Renal Failure:
X-ray of the abdomen or kidneys, ureter, and bladder - ANSWER>>KUB
Diagnostics for Renal Failure:
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
A reduction (or absence) of kidney function - ANSWER>>Renal failure
Functions of the Kidney:
Acronym for "A WET BED" - ANSWER>>Acid base balance
Water removal
Erythropoesis
Toxin Removal
Blood pressure control
Electrolyte balance
Vitamin D activation
Type of Renal Failure:
Kidney damage or a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) lasting for 3 or more
months
-GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 for 3 or more months
-May result from Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, HTN, and obesity, glomulerulonephritis and
polynephritis; polycystic, hereditary, or congenital disorders; and renal cancer
-Associated disease processes:Nephrosclerosis and Primary glomular disease
-If untreated, can result in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) - ANSWER>>CKD
Pathophysiology of CKD:
Linked to prolonged acute ___________________
-As the nephrons are damaged, the _______________ begins to decline
-Waste products in the blood begin to build up:________________ and _________________
-Renal function declines --> Leading to _________________, _________________,
____________________, _________________ - ANSWER>>Inflammation
GFR
BUN and creatinine
Anemia, metabolic acidosis, imbalanced calcium and phosphorus, fluid retention
Stages of CKD:
Stage 1-2: ____________________________
Stage 3-4:____________________________
,Stage 5:______________________________ - ANSWER>>Mild to no symptoms
May develop azotemia
ESKD
Normal GFR? - ANSWER>>125
Stage of CKD:
GFR: 90 or above
Kidney damage with normal or increased GFR - ANSWER>>Stage 1
Stage of CKD:
GFR: 60-89
Kidney damage with mild decrease in GFR - ANSWER>>Stage 2
Stage of CKD:
GFR: 30-59
Moderate decrease in GFR - ANSWER>>Stage 3
Stage of CKD:
GFR: 15-29
Severe decrease in GFR - ANSWER>>Stage 4
Stage of CKD:
GFR: Less than 15 or dialysis/ kidney transplant
ESKD or chronic renal failure - ANSWER>>Stage 5
Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Diseases that destroy the glomerulus of the kidney
Antigen antibody complexes formed in the blood become trapped in glomerular capillaries,
leading to inflammation and glomerular destruction
Symptoms include: proteinuria, hematuria, decreased GFR, decreased excretion of Na+, edema,
and HTN - ANSWER>>Primary Glomerular Disease
Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Hardening of the renal arteries, reducing blood flow to the kidneys
,Leads to necrosis of renal parenchyma, fibrosis, and glomerular destruction -
ANSWER>>Nephrosclerosis
Primary Glomerular Disease:
Renal failure with glomerular inflammation - ANSWER>>Acute Nephritic Syndrome
Primary Glomerular Disease:
Inflammation of glomerular capillaries (acute or chronic) - ANSWER>>Glomerulonephritis
Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Develops suddenly (days to weeks)
Inflammation of the glomerular capillaries
Caused by previous infections or illnesses- strep throat, viral URI, chicken pox, lupus
Symptoms include: Hematuria, edema , azotemia or proteinuria - ANSWER>>Acute
Glomerulonephritis
Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Develops over time (over months or years)
Repeated insults to the glomeruli causes scar tissue and atrophy of the cortex
Caused by repeated episodes of nephritic syndrome, hypertensive nephrosclerosis,
hyperlipidemia, lupus, goodpasture syndrome, or diabetes
"Silent S&S": HTN, elevated BUN or creatinine, imbalanced electrolytes
Generalized symptoms: Wt. loss, nocturia, headaches, digestive disturbances
Progressive kidney damage: Anemia, poorly nourished, grayish skin color, edema,
cardiomegaly, respiratory (fluid build up) - ANSWER>>Chronic Glomerulonephritis
Associated Disease Process of CKD:
A group of clinical manifestations due to protein wasting through damaged glomeruli
Damaged glomeruli capillaries become permeable to protein resulting in protein loss in the
urine
Hypoalbuminemia develops and causes a decrease serum osmotic pressure which causes fluid
shift
, Caused by diseases that cause damage to the glomerulus and increase glomerular permeability
to plasma proteins
S&S: Edema, proteinuria, mood changes such as irritability, headache and fatigue -
ANSWER>>Nephrotic Syndrome
Urine Diagnostic Studies for Renal Failure:
Examination includes: urine color, clarity, odor, pH, specific gravity, and presence of protein,
glucose - ANSWER>>Urinalysis
Urine Diagnostic Studies for Renal Failure:
Determines presence and type of bacteria present while also identifying which antimicrobial
therapy is effective in treating bacteria
Take a few days to come back - ANSWER>>Urine Culture and Sensitivity
Urine Diagnostic Studies for Renal Failure:
Urine collected in bottles (on ice) for 24 hours
Useful for calculating creatinine clearance, GFR, urine osmolality, Na+ clearance, and other
components of renal function - ANSWER>>Renal Function or 24 hour urine test
Blood Diagnostics for Renal Failure:
Measures type and amount of cells found in the blood such as RBCs, WBCs, and Platelets -
ANSWER>>CBC
Blood Diagnostics for Renal Failure:
Measures electrolytes, renal function, and liver enzymes - ANSWER>>CMP or BMP
Blood Diagnostics for Renal Failure:
Examines acid-base balance - ANSWER>>ABGs
Blood Diagnostics for Renal Failure:
Increases as renal function decreases in response to imbalance of Calcium and Phosphorus -
ANSWER>>PTH
Diagnostics for Renal Failure:
X-ray of the abdomen or kidneys, ureter, and bladder - ANSWER>>KUB
Diagnostics for Renal Failure:
