Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) Questions and Answers Fully Solved 100%

Describe the Emotional Cascade Model of BPD - ️️Rumination heightens intensity of negative emotions → short term need to stop the emotional cascade → extreme actions to stop rumination →behavioural dysregulation perpetuates/maintains negative affect because of shame and anger about actions →rumination Describe BPD - ️️A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following: Criterion 1 - ️️Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. (Note: Do not include suicidal or self-mutilating behaviour covered in Criterion 5.) Criterion 2 - ️️A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation. Criterion 3 - ️️Identity disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self. Criterion 4 - ️️Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging (e.g., spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating). (Note: Do not include suicidal or self-mutilating behavior covered in C5) Criterion 5 - ️️Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self-mutilating behavior. Criterion 6 - ️️Affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood (e.g., intense episodic dysphoria, irritability, or anxiety usually lasting a few hours and only rarely more than a few days). Criterion 7 - ️️Chronic feelings of emptiness. Criterion 8 - ️️Inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger (e.g., frequent displays of temper, constant anger, recurrent physical fights). Criterion 9 - ️️Transient, stress-related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms. Describe Linehan's Biosocial Developmental Model of BPD - ️️Interaction b/w child characteristics/temperament, caregiver characteristics, and environmental influencesList the underlying characteristics/temperament vulnerabilities associated with BPD - ️️1. High negative affectivity 2. Early impulsivity 3. Heightened emotional sensitivity and difficulty regulating emotions List the care-giver and environmental vulnerabilities for BPD - ️️Caregiver's sometimes respond to child's requests for help/support positively, other times with punishment Teaches child to escalate distress to be listened to Describe the Section 3 proposal for personality disorders in the DSM-5 - ️️Uses a dimensional approach with personality disorders being on a continuum in terms of severity defined by: 1) impairment in self-functioning, 2) impairments in interpersonalfunctioning, 3) pathological personality traits in at least one of 5 domain: 1) negative affectivity, 2) disinhibition, 3) psychoticism, 4) detachment, 5) antagonism Describe the main differences between DSM-IV and 5 - ️️1. Did away with axes 2. Describe the genetic and neurological bases for BPD - ️️1. 39% concordance for MZ twins 2. Impulsivity and affective instability greater in 1st degree relatives of people with BPD 3. Serotonin deficits - impulsive aggression, mood-disorders, self-injury