Final Exams (Latest 2024/ 2025 Updates STUDY
BUNDLE SET) Introduction to Sociology| Questions and
Verified Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct
Sociological Perspective - ANSWERUnderstanding human behavior by placing it
within its broader social context
Society - ANSWERPeople who share a culture and a territory
Social Location - ANSWERThe group memberships that people have because of their
location in history and society
Science - ANSWERThe application of systematic methods to obtain knowledge and
the knowledge obtained by those methods
Natural Sciences - ANSWERThe intellectual and academic disciplines designed to
comprehend, explain, and predict events in our natural environments
What makes sociology different from anthropology, economists/political scientists,
and psychologists? - ANSWERThey focus primarily on industrialized and
postindustrialized societies, they do not concentrate on a single social institution,
and they stress factors external to the individual to determine what influences
people and how they adjust to life.
Generalization - ANSWERA statement that goes beyond the individual case and is
applied to a broader group or situation.
Common Sense - ANSWERThose things that "everyone knows" are true
Positivism - ANSWERThe application of the scientific approach to the social world
Sociology - ANSWERThe scientific study of society and human behavior
Who is credited as the founder of sociology? - ANSWERAuguste Comte (1798-1857)
Who is considered the second founder of sociology? - ANSWERHerbert Spencer
(1820-1903), coined the term "Survival of the Fittest"
Class Conflict - ANSWERMarx's term for the struggle between capitalists and workers
Bourgeoisie - ANSWERMarx's term for capitalists, those who own the means of
production
, Proletariat - ANSWERMarx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who
do not own the means of production
Social Integration - ANSWERThe degree to which members of a group or a society
feel united by shared values and other social bonds; also known as social cohesion
Patterns of Behavior - ANSWERRecurring characteristics or events
What principle was central in Durkheim's research? - ANSWER"Human behavior
cannot be understood only in terms of the individual; we must always examine the
social forces that affect people's lives." pg. 12
Value Free - ANSWERThe view that a sociologist's personal values or beliefs should
not influence social research
Values - ANSWERThe standards by which people define what is desirable or
undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly
Objectivity - ANSWERValue neutrality in research
Replication - ANSWERThe repetition of a study in order to test its findings
Verstehen - ANSWERA German word used by Weber that is perhaps best understood
as "to have insight into someone's situation"
Subjective Meanings - ANSWERThe meanings that people give their own behavior
Social Facts - ANSWERDurkheim's term for a group's patterns of behavior
Basic/Pure Sociology - ANSWERSociological research for the purpose of making
discoveries about life in human groups, not for making changes in those groups
Applied Sociology - ANSWERThe Use of sociology to solve problems-from the micro
level of classroom interaction and family relationships to the macro level of crime
and pollution
Public Sociology - ANSWERApplying sociology for the public good; especially the use
of the sociological perspective (how things are related to one another) to guide
politicians and policy makers
Theory - ANSWERA general statement about how some parts of the world fit
together and how they work; an explanation of how two or more facts are related to
one another
Symbolic Interactionism - ANSWERA theoretical perspective in which society is
viewed as composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning, develop their
views of the world, and communication with one another