Final Exams (Latest 2024/ 2025 Updates STUDY
BUNDLE SET) Introduction to Sociology| Questions and
Verified Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct
Sociology - ANSWERthe systematic or scientific study of human society and social
behavior, from large- scale institutions and mass culture to small groups and
individual interactions
Society - ANSWERa group of people who shape their lives in aggregated and
patterned ways that distinguish their group from other groups
Social Sciences - ANSWERthe disciplines that use the scientific method to examine
the social world, in contrast to the natural sciences, which examine the physical
world
Beginner's Mind - ANSWERapproaching the world without preconceptions in order
to see things in a new way
Culture Shock - ANSWERdisorientation that occurs when you enter a radically new
social or cultural environment
Sociological Imagination - ANSWERA quality of the mind that allows us to understand
the relationship between our individual circumstances and larger social forces
Micro-sociology - ANSWERthe level of analysis that studies face-to-face and smell-
group interactions in order to understand how to affect the larger patterns and
institutions of society
Macro-sociology - ANSWERthe level of analysis that studies large-scale social
structures in order to determine how they affect the lives of groups and individuals
Theories - ANSWERin sociology, abstract proposition that explain the social world
and make predication about the future
Paraigm - ANSWERa set of assumption, theories, and perspective that make up a way
of understanding social reality
Positivism - ANSWERthe theory, developed by Auguste Comte, that sense
perceptions are the only valid source of knowledge
Scientific Method - ANSWERa procedure for acquiring knowledge that emphasizes
collecting concrete data through observation and experiment
,Social Darwinism - ANSWERthe application of the theory of evolution and the notion
of "survival of the fittest" to the study of society
Structural Functionalism - ANSWERa paradigm that begins with the assumption that
society is a unified whole that functions because of the contributions of its separate
structures
Mechanical Solidarity - ANSWERterm developed by Emil Durkheim to describe the
type of social bonds present in premodern, agrarian societies, in which shared
traditions and beliefs created a sense of social cohesion
Organic Solidarity - ANSWERterm developed by Emile Durkeim to describe the type
of social bonds present in modern societies, based on difference, interdependence,
and individual rights
Anomie - ANSWER"normlessness", term used to describe the alienation and loss of
purpose that result from weaker bonds and an increased feel connected to other
members of their group
Solidarity - ANSWERthe degree on integration or unity within a particular society, the
extent to which individuals feel connected to other members of their group
Sacred - ANSWERthe holy, divine, or supernatural
Profane - ANSWERthe ordinary, mundane, or everyday
Collective Conscience - ANSWERthe shared morals and beliefs that are common to a
group and which foster social solidarity
Empirical - ANSWERbased on scientific experimental or observation
Structure - ANSWERa social institution that is relatively stable over time and that
meets the needs of society by performing functions necessary to maintain social
order and stability
Manifest Functions - ANSWERthe obvious, intended functions of a social structure
for the social system
Latent Functions - ANSWERthe less obvious, perhaps unintended functions of a social
structure
Conflict Theory - ANSWERa paradigm that sees social conflict as the basis of society
and social change, and emphasize a materialists view of society, a critical view of the
status quo, and a dynamic model a historical chnage
Social Inequality - ANSWERthe unequal distribution of wealth, power, or prestige
among members of a society
, Communism - ANSWERa political system based on the collective ownership of the
means of production; opposed to capitalism
Conflict - ANSWERgenerated by the competition between different class groups for
scare resources and the source of all social changes, according to Karl Marx
Capitalism - ANSWERan economic system based on private ownership
Means of Production - ANSWERanything that can create wealth; money, properly,
factories, and other types of businesses, and the infrastructure necessary to run
them
Proletariat - ANSWERworkers; those who have no means of production of their own
and so are reduced to selling their labor power in order to live
Bourgeoisie - ANSWERowners; the class of modern capitalists who own the means of
production and employ wage labors
Alienation - ANSWERthe sense of dissatisfaction the modern worker feels as a result
of producing goods that are owned and controlled by someone else, according to
Marx
Socialism - ANSWERa political system based on state ownership or control of
principal elements of the economy in order to reduce levels of social inequality
Ideology - ANSWERa system a beliefs, attitudes, and values that direct a society and
reproduces the status quo of the bourgeoisie
False Consciousness - ANSWERdenial of the truth on the part of the oppressed when
they fail to recognize the interest of the ruling class in their ideolgy
Class Consciousness - ANSWERthe recognition of social inequality on the part of the
oppressed, leasing to revolutionary action
Dialectical Model - ANSWERMarx's model of historical change, whereby two extreme
positions come into conflict and create some new third between them
Thesis - ANSWERthe existing social arrangements in a dialectal model
Antithesis - ANSWERthe opposition to the existing arrangements in a dialectical
model
Synthesis - ANSWERthe new social system created out the conflict between thesis
and antithesis in a dialectical model