SPCE 611 Final Exams (Latest 2024/ 2025 Updates
STUDY BUNDLE PACKAGE) 100% Correct Questions and
Verified Answers| Grade A
ABA - ANSWERscience devoted to understanding and improvement of human
behavior
- focus on objectively defined behavior of social significance
-scientific approach for discovering environmental variables that reliably influence
socially significant behavior and for developing technology of behavior change
- 6 components: 1. guided by attitudes and methods of scientific inquiry
2. all behavior change procedures are described and implemented in a systematic,
technological manner
3. not any means of changing behavior qualifies as ABA
4. focus is socially significant behavior
5and 6: improvement and understanding
science - ANSWERsystematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge about
the natural world that relies of determinism as its fundamental assumption,
empiricism as its prime directive, experimentation as its basic strategy, replication as
its necessary requirement for believability, parsimony as its conservative value, and
philosophic doubt as its guiding conscience
not one universally accepted definition
-goal: achieve a thorough understanding of the phenomena of the study (socially
important behaviors)
-3 levels of understanding: description, prediction, control
description - ANSWERcollection of facts about observed events that can be
quantified, classified, and examined for possible relations with other known facts
prediction - ANSWERrepeated observations reveal that two events consistently
covary with each other
-presence of one event, the other occurs (or doesn't) with some specified probability
-correlation: systematic covariation between two events
control - ANSWER-functional relation: exists when a well-controlled experiment
revelas txt a specific change in one event (dependent variable)can reliably be
produced by specific manipulations of another recent (independent variable), and
the change in the dependent variable was unlikely to be the result of other extra
factors (confounding)
attitudes of science - ANSWER-determinism, empiricism, experimentation,
replication, parsimony, philosophic doubt
determinism - ANSWERscientist presume that the universe, or at least the part of it
they intend to probe with the methods of science, is a lawful and orderly place in
which all phenomena occur as a realist of other events
, -events don't just occur, they are somehow related in systematic ways to other
factors (antonym- accidentalism)
-scientist first assumes lawfulness and then proceeds to look for lawful relations
empiricism - ANSWERthe practice of objective observation of the phenomena of
interest
-demands objective observation based on thorough description, systematic and
repeated measurement, and precise qualification of the phenomena of interest
experimentation - ANSWERcarefully conducted comparison of some measure of the
phenomenon of interest (depended variable) under two or more different conditions
in which only one factor at a time (independent) differs from one condition to
another
basic strategy of most sciences
-factors suspected of having causal status are systematically controlled and
manipulated while the effects on the event under the study are carefully observed
replication - ANSWERrepeating of experiments
-primary method with which scientists determine the reliability and usefulness of
their findings and discover their mistakes
-primary reason science is self-correcting enterprise that eventually gets it right
parsimony - ANSWERrequieres that all simple, logical explanations for the
phenomenon under investigation be rules out, experimentally or conceptually,
before more complex or abstract explanations are considered
- help scientist fit their findings wishing the fields existing knowledge base
- given a choice between two compering and compelling explanations for the same
phenomenon, one should shave off extraneous variables and choose the simplest
explanation, the one that requires the fewest assumptions
philosophic doubt - ANSWERneeds scientist to continually question the truthfulness
of what is regarded as fact
- scientific knowledge always viewed as tentative
- require scientific evidence before implementing a new practice and evaluate
continually the effectiveness once the practice is implemented
three major branches of behavioral analyst - ANSWERbehaviorism: philosophy of the
science of behavior
basic research: provide of the experimental analysis of behavior (EAB)
concern of applied behavioral analysis: developing a technology for improving
behavior
objective study of behavior as a natural science consists of: - ANSWERrelationship
between environmental stimuli and the response evoked
-stimulus-response (Watson- Watsonia behaviorism)
Experimental analysis of behavior - ANSWER-began in 1938 BF Skinner
STUDY BUNDLE PACKAGE) 100% Correct Questions and
Verified Answers| Grade A
ABA - ANSWERscience devoted to understanding and improvement of human
behavior
- focus on objectively defined behavior of social significance
-scientific approach for discovering environmental variables that reliably influence
socially significant behavior and for developing technology of behavior change
- 6 components: 1. guided by attitudes and methods of scientific inquiry
2. all behavior change procedures are described and implemented in a systematic,
technological manner
3. not any means of changing behavior qualifies as ABA
4. focus is socially significant behavior
5and 6: improvement and understanding
science - ANSWERsystematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge about
the natural world that relies of determinism as its fundamental assumption,
empiricism as its prime directive, experimentation as its basic strategy, replication as
its necessary requirement for believability, parsimony as its conservative value, and
philosophic doubt as its guiding conscience
not one universally accepted definition
-goal: achieve a thorough understanding of the phenomena of the study (socially
important behaviors)
-3 levels of understanding: description, prediction, control
description - ANSWERcollection of facts about observed events that can be
quantified, classified, and examined for possible relations with other known facts
prediction - ANSWERrepeated observations reveal that two events consistently
covary with each other
-presence of one event, the other occurs (or doesn't) with some specified probability
-correlation: systematic covariation between two events
control - ANSWER-functional relation: exists when a well-controlled experiment
revelas txt a specific change in one event (dependent variable)can reliably be
produced by specific manipulations of another recent (independent variable), and
the change in the dependent variable was unlikely to be the result of other extra
factors (confounding)
attitudes of science - ANSWER-determinism, empiricism, experimentation,
replication, parsimony, philosophic doubt
determinism - ANSWERscientist presume that the universe, or at least the part of it
they intend to probe with the methods of science, is a lawful and orderly place in
which all phenomena occur as a realist of other events
, -events don't just occur, they are somehow related in systematic ways to other
factors (antonym- accidentalism)
-scientist first assumes lawfulness and then proceeds to look for lawful relations
empiricism - ANSWERthe practice of objective observation of the phenomena of
interest
-demands objective observation based on thorough description, systematic and
repeated measurement, and precise qualification of the phenomena of interest
experimentation - ANSWERcarefully conducted comparison of some measure of the
phenomenon of interest (depended variable) under two or more different conditions
in which only one factor at a time (independent) differs from one condition to
another
basic strategy of most sciences
-factors suspected of having causal status are systematically controlled and
manipulated while the effects on the event under the study are carefully observed
replication - ANSWERrepeating of experiments
-primary method with which scientists determine the reliability and usefulness of
their findings and discover their mistakes
-primary reason science is self-correcting enterprise that eventually gets it right
parsimony - ANSWERrequieres that all simple, logical explanations for the
phenomenon under investigation be rules out, experimentally or conceptually,
before more complex or abstract explanations are considered
- help scientist fit their findings wishing the fields existing knowledge base
- given a choice between two compering and compelling explanations for the same
phenomenon, one should shave off extraneous variables and choose the simplest
explanation, the one that requires the fewest assumptions
philosophic doubt - ANSWERneeds scientist to continually question the truthfulness
of what is regarded as fact
- scientific knowledge always viewed as tentative
- require scientific evidence before implementing a new practice and evaluate
continually the effectiveness once the practice is implemented
three major branches of behavioral analyst - ANSWERbehaviorism: philosophy of the
science of behavior
basic research: provide of the experimental analysis of behavior (EAB)
concern of applied behavioral analysis: developing a technology for improving
behavior
objective study of behavior as a natural science consists of: - ANSWERrelationship
between environmental stimuli and the response evoked
-stimulus-response (Watson- Watsonia behaviorism)
Experimental analysis of behavior - ANSWER-began in 1938 BF Skinner
