GMS6552 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
4 receptor types in order of their speed
1. Channel-linked (inotropic) - millisecs
2. G-prot coupled rec - seconds
3. Kinase linked - minutes
4. Nuclear rec - hours
What is a common example of a Channel-linked (inotropic) receptor?
nicotinic
ACh receptor
What is a common example of a G-prot coupled receptor?
Muscarinic ACh Receptor
What is a common example of a Kinase linked receptor?
Insulin Receptor
What is a common example of a Nuclear rec receptor?
Estrogen Receptor
What are 4 examples of GPCR ligands?
Hormones, Neurotransmitters, Chemokines, Ions, Amino acids, Peptides,
What are the 3 main Ga proteins?
,Gas- AC - inc
Gai - AC - dec
Gaq - PLC - inc
Talk through the steps of the cascade involving cAMP
The signal transduction cascade begins when adenylyl cyclase, a membrane- bound
enzyme, is activated by G-protein molecules associated with the adrenergic receptor.
Adenylyl cyclase creates multiple cyclic AMP molecules, which fan out and activate
protein kinases (PKA, in this example). Protein kinases can enter the nucleus and affect
transcription.
Name the 5 intracellular events that are regulated by PKA.
1. Phosphorylase PKA Kinase (Glycogen Breakdown)
2. L-Type Ca Channels (Heart Contraction)
3. Pyruvate Kinase (Glycolysis)
4. Hormone Sensitive Lipase (Triglyceride Breakdown)
5. CREB (Gene Transcription)
Describe the pathways that lead to protein phosphorylation via IP3 and DAG.
DAG
1. GPCR and activated by GTP binding --> activation of Phopholipase C (bound to B) --
> act of DAG --> act PKC --> prot phospho
IP3
1. GPCR and activated by GTP binding --> activation of Phopholipase C (bound to B) --
> IP3 --> Ca2+ release --> effect --> prot phophorylation
, What type of receptor is typically most dominant in the presence of multiple?
Inhibitory
What are the target enzymes of receptors?
Guanylate cyclase and Gprots
After Guanylate cyclase is activated what are the second messengers, protein
kinases, and effects that follow?
Guanylate cyclase
cGMP
PKG
Contractile proteins and ion channels
What 3 things do Gprots activate?
adenylate cyclase
Phospholipase C
Phospholipase A
After adenylate cyclase is activated what are the second messengers, protein
kinases, and effects that follow?
adenylate cyclase
cAMP
PKA
Enzymes&transport pros, and ion channels
After Phospholipase C is activated what are the second messengers, protein
kinases, and effects that follow?
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
4 receptor types in order of their speed
1. Channel-linked (inotropic) - millisecs
2. G-prot coupled rec - seconds
3. Kinase linked - minutes
4. Nuclear rec - hours
What is a common example of a Channel-linked (inotropic) receptor?
nicotinic
ACh receptor
What is a common example of a G-prot coupled receptor?
Muscarinic ACh Receptor
What is a common example of a Kinase linked receptor?
Insulin Receptor
What is a common example of a Nuclear rec receptor?
Estrogen Receptor
What are 4 examples of GPCR ligands?
Hormones, Neurotransmitters, Chemokines, Ions, Amino acids, Peptides,
What are the 3 main Ga proteins?
,Gas- AC - inc
Gai - AC - dec
Gaq - PLC - inc
Talk through the steps of the cascade involving cAMP
The signal transduction cascade begins when adenylyl cyclase, a membrane- bound
enzyme, is activated by G-protein molecules associated with the adrenergic receptor.
Adenylyl cyclase creates multiple cyclic AMP molecules, which fan out and activate
protein kinases (PKA, in this example). Protein kinases can enter the nucleus and affect
transcription.
Name the 5 intracellular events that are regulated by PKA.
1. Phosphorylase PKA Kinase (Glycogen Breakdown)
2. L-Type Ca Channels (Heart Contraction)
3. Pyruvate Kinase (Glycolysis)
4. Hormone Sensitive Lipase (Triglyceride Breakdown)
5. CREB (Gene Transcription)
Describe the pathways that lead to protein phosphorylation via IP3 and DAG.
DAG
1. GPCR and activated by GTP binding --> activation of Phopholipase C (bound to B) --
> act of DAG --> act PKC --> prot phospho
IP3
1. GPCR and activated by GTP binding --> activation of Phopholipase C (bound to B) --
> IP3 --> Ca2+ release --> effect --> prot phophorylation
, What type of receptor is typically most dominant in the presence of multiple?
Inhibitory
What are the target enzymes of receptors?
Guanylate cyclase and Gprots
After Guanylate cyclase is activated what are the second messengers, protein
kinases, and effects that follow?
Guanylate cyclase
cGMP
PKG
Contractile proteins and ion channels
What 3 things do Gprots activate?
adenylate cyclase
Phospholipase C
Phospholipase A
After adenylate cyclase is activated what are the second messengers, protein
kinases, and effects that follow?
adenylate cyclase
cAMP
PKA
Enzymes&transport pros, and ion channels
After Phospholipase C is activated what are the second messengers, protein
kinases, and effects that follow?
