ATI Anatomy and Physiology Practice Assessment
2023 A & B STUDY BUNDLE PACKAGE| Questions
and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A
multicellular, complex organisms, have a proper nucleus containing genome, and
organelles (lysosomes, endoplasmic reticular - smooth and rough - golgi complexes,
and mitochondria), DNA = contained in multiple linear chromosomes, cells divide
using MITOSIS - ANSWEREukaryotes
primitive organisms, much smaller cells, unicellular, no nucleus, genome = in
nucleoid, no organelles, DNA = contained in single circular chromosome, cells divide
using BINARY FISSION - ANSWERProkaryotes
Prokaryotic cells divide using - ANSWERbinary fission
eukaryotic cells divide using - ANSWERmitosis
examples of ______: animals and plants - ANSWEReukaryotes
examples of _______: bacteria and archaea - ANSWERprokaryotes
contains DNA (genetic material, used to form chromosomes) - single _____ is the
defining characteristic of eukaryotic cells
controls gene expression - ensures genetic material is transmitted from one
generation to the next
contains nucleuolus - ANSWERnucleus
complex thread-like arrangements composed of DNA that's found in a cell's nucleus -
humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total) - ANSWERchromosomes
how many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? - ANSWER23 (46 total)
an aggregate of genetic material consisting of DNA and proteins that forms
chromosomes during cell division - ANSWERchromatin
the largest component of the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
no membrane, primary function = production of ribosomes (crucial for protein
synthesis) - ANSWERnucleolus (nucleoli)
produced by nucleolus, crucial for synthesis of proteins - ANSWERribosomes
,encircle the cell's cytoplasm, separates intracellular from extracellular environment;
selectively permeable, made of double layer of phospholipids studded with proteins
cholesterol = dispersed in phospholipid bilayer of _____ ______ to provide stability
proteins in phospholipid bilayer help transport molecules across these - ANSWERcell
membrane
attracted to water (head region of phospholipids, facing the water, pointing inside
and outside of the cells) - ANSWERhydrophilic
repelled by water (tail region of phospholipids, oriented inward between both head
regions -- constructs phospholipid bilayer) - ANSWERhydrophobic
cell membranes are _______ : have hydrophilic and hydrophobic zones, contributes
to selective permeability - ANSWERamphiphilic
the charge present in a molecule - ANSWERpolarity
_____ molecules: have regions (poles) of positive and negative charge, are WATER
SOLUBLE, harder to pass through cell membranes - ANSWERpolar
_____ molecules: no charge, FAT SOLUBLE, much easier to pass through cell
membranes - ANSWERnonpolar
migration of molecules across a cell membrane that DOES NOT REQUIRE ENERGY
3 types: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis - ANSWERpassive transport
3 types of passive transport - ANSWERsimple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis
type of passive transport: relies on concentration gradient, molecules move from
area of high concentration to area of low concentration - ANSWERsimple diffusion
differing quantities of molecules inside or outside of a cell - ANSWERconcentration
gradient
type of passive transport: utilizes carrier proteins to transport molecules across a cell
membrane - ANSWERfacilitated diffusion
type of passive transport: transport of water across a selectively permeable
membrane; water moves from region of low solute concentration to region of high
solute concentration - ANSWERosmosis
the migration of molecules across a cell membrane that REQUIRES ENERGY
, useful way to move molecules from area of low concentration to area of high
concentration
ATP = needed to work against the concentration gradient - ANSWERactive transport
in active transport, what is required to work against the concentration gradient? -
ANSWERATP (adenosine triphosphate, the currency of cellular energy)
pumps sending multiple molecules in the same direction - ANSWERsymports
pumps sending multiple molecules in different directions - ANSWERantiports
in active transport, the movement of membrane-bound particles into a cell
3 main types: pinocytosis, phagocytosis, receptor-mediated _____ -
ANSWERendocytosis
in active transport, the movement of membrane-bound particles out of a cell
common in nervous and muscle tissue for release of neurotransmitters
common in endocrine cells for release of hormones - ANSWERexocytosis (inverse of
endocytosis)
3 main types of endocytosis - ANSWERpinocytosis (cell is DRINKING and intakes only
small molecules), phagocytosis (cell is EATING, takes in large particles or small
organisms), receptor-mediated endocytosis (cell's membrane splits off to form an
internal vesicle as a response to molecules activating receptors on its surface)
2 major categories of exocytosis - ANSWERexcretion, secretion
the removal of waste from a cell
exocytosis - ANSWERexcretion
the transport of molecules from a cell, such as hormones or enzymes
exocytosis - ANSWERsecretion
specialized structures that perform specific tasks in a cell
"little organ"
membrane bound, serve as sites for production or degradation of chemicals -
ANSWERorganelles
2023 A & B STUDY BUNDLE PACKAGE| Questions
and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A
multicellular, complex organisms, have a proper nucleus containing genome, and
organelles (lysosomes, endoplasmic reticular - smooth and rough - golgi complexes,
and mitochondria), DNA = contained in multiple linear chromosomes, cells divide
using MITOSIS - ANSWEREukaryotes
primitive organisms, much smaller cells, unicellular, no nucleus, genome = in
nucleoid, no organelles, DNA = contained in single circular chromosome, cells divide
using BINARY FISSION - ANSWERProkaryotes
Prokaryotic cells divide using - ANSWERbinary fission
eukaryotic cells divide using - ANSWERmitosis
examples of ______: animals and plants - ANSWEReukaryotes
examples of _______: bacteria and archaea - ANSWERprokaryotes
contains DNA (genetic material, used to form chromosomes) - single _____ is the
defining characteristic of eukaryotic cells
controls gene expression - ensures genetic material is transmitted from one
generation to the next
contains nucleuolus - ANSWERnucleus
complex thread-like arrangements composed of DNA that's found in a cell's nucleus -
humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total) - ANSWERchromosomes
how many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? - ANSWER23 (46 total)
an aggregate of genetic material consisting of DNA and proteins that forms
chromosomes during cell division - ANSWERchromatin
the largest component of the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
no membrane, primary function = production of ribosomes (crucial for protein
synthesis) - ANSWERnucleolus (nucleoli)
produced by nucleolus, crucial for synthesis of proteins - ANSWERribosomes
,encircle the cell's cytoplasm, separates intracellular from extracellular environment;
selectively permeable, made of double layer of phospholipids studded with proteins
cholesterol = dispersed in phospholipid bilayer of _____ ______ to provide stability
proteins in phospholipid bilayer help transport molecules across these - ANSWERcell
membrane
attracted to water (head region of phospholipids, facing the water, pointing inside
and outside of the cells) - ANSWERhydrophilic
repelled by water (tail region of phospholipids, oriented inward between both head
regions -- constructs phospholipid bilayer) - ANSWERhydrophobic
cell membranes are _______ : have hydrophilic and hydrophobic zones, contributes
to selective permeability - ANSWERamphiphilic
the charge present in a molecule - ANSWERpolarity
_____ molecules: have regions (poles) of positive and negative charge, are WATER
SOLUBLE, harder to pass through cell membranes - ANSWERpolar
_____ molecules: no charge, FAT SOLUBLE, much easier to pass through cell
membranes - ANSWERnonpolar
migration of molecules across a cell membrane that DOES NOT REQUIRE ENERGY
3 types: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis - ANSWERpassive transport
3 types of passive transport - ANSWERsimple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis
type of passive transport: relies on concentration gradient, molecules move from
area of high concentration to area of low concentration - ANSWERsimple diffusion
differing quantities of molecules inside or outside of a cell - ANSWERconcentration
gradient
type of passive transport: utilizes carrier proteins to transport molecules across a cell
membrane - ANSWERfacilitated diffusion
type of passive transport: transport of water across a selectively permeable
membrane; water moves from region of low solute concentration to region of high
solute concentration - ANSWERosmosis
the migration of molecules across a cell membrane that REQUIRES ENERGY
, useful way to move molecules from area of low concentration to area of high
concentration
ATP = needed to work against the concentration gradient - ANSWERactive transport
in active transport, what is required to work against the concentration gradient? -
ANSWERATP (adenosine triphosphate, the currency of cellular energy)
pumps sending multiple molecules in the same direction - ANSWERsymports
pumps sending multiple molecules in different directions - ANSWERantiports
in active transport, the movement of membrane-bound particles into a cell
3 main types: pinocytosis, phagocytosis, receptor-mediated _____ -
ANSWERendocytosis
in active transport, the movement of membrane-bound particles out of a cell
common in nervous and muscle tissue for release of neurotransmitters
common in endocrine cells for release of hormones - ANSWERexocytosis (inverse of
endocytosis)
3 main types of endocytosis - ANSWERpinocytosis (cell is DRINKING and intakes only
small molecules), phagocytosis (cell is EATING, takes in large particles or small
organisms), receptor-mediated endocytosis (cell's membrane splits off to form an
internal vesicle as a response to molecules activating receptors on its surface)
2 major categories of exocytosis - ANSWERexcretion, secretion
the removal of waste from a cell
exocytosis - ANSWERexcretion
the transport of molecules from a cell, such as hormones or enzymes
exocytosis - ANSWERsecretion
specialized structures that perform specific tasks in a cell
"little organ"
membrane bound, serve as sites for production or degradation of chemicals -
ANSWERorganelles
