NUR 334- PHARM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A
+ GRADED
Pharmacology
study of drugs (chemicals) that alter functions of living organism
Pharmacotherapy
also known as drug therapy, is the use of drugs to prevent, diagnose, or treat signs,
symptoms, and diseases
medicine
Drugs given for therapeutic purposes
Biotechnology
process may involve manipulating deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid
(RNA) and recombining genes into hybrid molecules that can be inserted into living
organisms (Escherichia coli bacteria are often used), which can be repeatedly
reproduced
how are drugs classified
Drugs are classified according to their effects on particular body systems, their
therapeutic uses, and their chemical characteristics.
prototype
An individual drug that represents groups of drugs
generic name for a drug
(e.g., amoxicillin) is related to the chemical or official name and is independent of the
manufacturer and often indicates the drug group
brand (trade) name
designated and patented by the manufacturer
EX acetaminophen > Tylenol
Pharmacoeconomics
involves the costs of drug therapy, including costs of purchasing, dispensing (i.e.,
salaries of pharmacists, pharmacy technicians), storage, administration (i.e., salaries of
nurses, costs of supplies), and laboratory and other tests used to monitor patient
responses, as well as losses due to expiration
Pharmacogenomics
he study of how one's genetic inheritance affects the body's response to drugs
prescription drugs
require a written order
OTC drugs
Medications that are legally available without a prescription
Schedule I Drug
Drugs that have no accepted medical use, have lack of accepted safety, and have high
abuse potentials: heroin and marijuana
Schedule II Drug
Drugs that are used medically and have high abuse potentials: opioid analgesics (e.g.,
codeine)
Schedule III Drug
, Drugs with less potential for abuse than those in Schedules I and II, but abuse of which
may lead to psychological or physical dependence: androgens and anabolic steroids,
some depressants (e.g., ketamine)
Schedule IV Drug
Drugs with an accepted medical use in the United States but with some potential for
abuse: benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam, lorazepam), other sedative-hypnotics)
Schedule V Drug
Products containing moderate amounts of controlled substances. They may be
dispensed by the pharmacist without a physician's prescription but with some
restrictions regarding amount, record keeping, and other safeguards. Included are
cough suppressants
The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
regulate the manufacture, distribution, advertising, and labeling of drugs
The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
regulates the manufacture and distribution of narcotics, stimulants, depressants,
hallucinogens, and anabolic steroids and requires the pharmaceutical industry to
maintain physical security and strict record keeping for these drugs and substances
Drug Trial Phase 0
drug testing occurs in animals and small groups of humans
Drug Trial Phase 1
few doses are given to a certain number of healthy volunteers to determine safe
dosages, routes of administration, absorption, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity
Drug Trial Phase 2
few doses are given to a certain number of subjects with the disease or symptom for
which the drug is being studied, and responses are compared with those of healthy
subjects
Drug Trial Phase 3
drug is given to different populations and different dosages and by using the drug in
combination with other drugs. In double-blind, placebo-controlled designs, half of the
subjects receive the new drug and half receive a placebo, with neither subjects nor
researchers knowing who receives which formulation
placebo
an inactive substance similar in appearance to the actual drug
Drug Trial Phase 4
the FDA allows the drug to be marketed and requires manufacturers to continue
postmarketing monitoring and electronic report submission of the drug's safety and
effectiveness
BLACK BOX WARNINGS (BBWs)
These are about drugs that can cause serious adverse effects and the warning appears
on the label, package insert, and any marketing literature
QSEN competencies
Patient-Centered Care
Teamwork and Collaboration
Evidence-Based Practice
Quality Improvement
+ GRADED
Pharmacology
study of drugs (chemicals) that alter functions of living organism
Pharmacotherapy
also known as drug therapy, is the use of drugs to prevent, diagnose, or treat signs,
symptoms, and diseases
medicine
Drugs given for therapeutic purposes
Biotechnology
process may involve manipulating deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid
(RNA) and recombining genes into hybrid molecules that can be inserted into living
organisms (Escherichia coli bacteria are often used), which can be repeatedly
reproduced
how are drugs classified
Drugs are classified according to their effects on particular body systems, their
therapeutic uses, and their chemical characteristics.
prototype
An individual drug that represents groups of drugs
generic name for a drug
(e.g., amoxicillin) is related to the chemical or official name and is independent of the
manufacturer and often indicates the drug group
brand (trade) name
designated and patented by the manufacturer
EX acetaminophen > Tylenol
Pharmacoeconomics
involves the costs of drug therapy, including costs of purchasing, dispensing (i.e.,
salaries of pharmacists, pharmacy technicians), storage, administration (i.e., salaries of
nurses, costs of supplies), and laboratory and other tests used to monitor patient
responses, as well as losses due to expiration
Pharmacogenomics
he study of how one's genetic inheritance affects the body's response to drugs
prescription drugs
require a written order
OTC drugs
Medications that are legally available without a prescription
Schedule I Drug
Drugs that have no accepted medical use, have lack of accepted safety, and have high
abuse potentials: heroin and marijuana
Schedule II Drug
Drugs that are used medically and have high abuse potentials: opioid analgesics (e.g.,
codeine)
Schedule III Drug
, Drugs with less potential for abuse than those in Schedules I and II, but abuse of which
may lead to psychological or physical dependence: androgens and anabolic steroids,
some depressants (e.g., ketamine)
Schedule IV Drug
Drugs with an accepted medical use in the United States but with some potential for
abuse: benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam, lorazepam), other sedative-hypnotics)
Schedule V Drug
Products containing moderate amounts of controlled substances. They may be
dispensed by the pharmacist without a physician's prescription but with some
restrictions regarding amount, record keeping, and other safeguards. Included are
cough suppressants
The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
regulate the manufacture, distribution, advertising, and labeling of drugs
The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
regulates the manufacture and distribution of narcotics, stimulants, depressants,
hallucinogens, and anabolic steroids and requires the pharmaceutical industry to
maintain physical security and strict record keeping for these drugs and substances
Drug Trial Phase 0
drug testing occurs in animals and small groups of humans
Drug Trial Phase 1
few doses are given to a certain number of healthy volunteers to determine safe
dosages, routes of administration, absorption, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity
Drug Trial Phase 2
few doses are given to a certain number of subjects with the disease or symptom for
which the drug is being studied, and responses are compared with those of healthy
subjects
Drug Trial Phase 3
drug is given to different populations and different dosages and by using the drug in
combination with other drugs. In double-blind, placebo-controlled designs, half of the
subjects receive the new drug and half receive a placebo, with neither subjects nor
researchers knowing who receives which formulation
placebo
an inactive substance similar in appearance to the actual drug
Drug Trial Phase 4
the FDA allows the drug to be marketed and requires manufacturers to continue
postmarketing monitoring and electronic report submission of the drug's safety and
effectiveness
BLACK BOX WARNINGS (BBWs)
These are about drugs that can cause serious adverse effects and the warning appears
on the label, package insert, and any marketing literature
QSEN competencies
Patient-Centered Care
Teamwork and Collaboration
Evidence-Based Practice
Quality Improvement
