Class notes Medicine notes

HEMIPLEGIA
DEFINITION:
It is an upper motor neuron muscular paralysis affecting one side of the body.
DESCRIPTION:
 Damage to some parts of the brain that disrupts the connection
between brain and muscles on the affected side
 Damage to right hemisphere or right side of brain affects left side of
body and vice versa.
 Left hemiplegia
 Right hemiplegia
TYPES:
 Facial hemiplegia
 Spinal hemiplegia (Brown-Sequard Syndrome)
 Contralateral hemiplegia
 Spastic hemiplegia
CAUSES:
 Artery rupture
 Thrombosis
 Embolism of artery supplying internal capsule
 Stroke (hemorrhagic and ischemic)
 Spinal cord injury (SCI)
 Cerebral palsy
 Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
 Brain cancer
 Multiple sclerosis (MS)
 Poliomyelitis
 Spina bifida
 Muscular dystrophy
 Brain infection (Encephalitis and meningitis)
RISK FACTORS:
 Sedentary lifestyle
 Smoking
 Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellites (DM)
 Uncontrolled Hypertension (HTN)
EFFECTS: Complications
 Respiratory difficulties