NUR 334- PHARM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A
+ GRADED
pharmacology
the study of drugs and their interactions
goals of drug therapy
provide maximum benefits with minimum harms, provide drug therapy that is tailored to
each individual
ideal drug
effective, safe, selective
nurse responsibilities for drugs
administer drugs, assess for adverse drug effects, provide patient education about
drugs and drug regimen, monitor and prevent medication errors
the nurse answers a patient's call light and finds the patient sitting up in bed and
requesting pain medication. what will the nurse do first?
assess the patient's pain and pain level
assessment
allergies, vital signs, height and weight, lab values, patient complaints, history and
chronic conditions, potential interactions, previous and current use of meds
planning
when to give meds, need for teaching, information needed, resources; goals should be
objective, measurable, and realistic with an established period of time for achievement
of the outcomes that are specifically stated in the outcome criteria
the patient's medication administration record lists two antiepileptic medications
that are due at 0900, but the patient is NPO (nothing by mouth) for a barium
study. the nurse's coworker suggests giving the medications via IV because the
patient is NPO. what will the nurse do?
give the meds via the IV route because the patient is NPO (nothing by mouth)
medication rights
right patient, right drug, right dose, right time, right reason, right route, right to refuse,
right to education, right documentation, right disposal
implementation
proper drug administration, comfort measures, patient and family education; know
meds, interactions, intended effects and side effects
parenteral meds
injections (subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous)
subcutaneous injections
inserted into fatty places, needles are 5/8-1 inches with 25-30 gauge (insulin)
intramuscular injections
inserted into the deltoid or arm, needles are 1-2 inches with 20-22 gauge (vaccines)
intravenous injections
instilled into the veins with a diffusion rate, needles are 1/2 inch with 18-22 gauge (push
meds, piggybacks)
chemical drug name
, provides the exact description of medication's composition, most important name to
chemist
generic drug name
related to the chemical name and often indicates the drug group, lowercase letters
(lamotrigine)
trade drug name
designated and patented by manufacturer, capital letters (Lamictal)
safety rules for meds
NEVER: leave meds at the bedside, chart before med has been given, give what
someone else has prepared, recap needles
pharmacokinetics
study of drug movement throughout the body (what the drug does to the body)
passive diffusion
high to low concentration
active transport
the movement through a cell membrane, uses energy, low to high concentration
diffusion
high to low concentration
filtration
passing in and out of semipermeable membranes
actions of drugs
replace or act as substitutes, increase or stimulate cellular activity, depress or slow
cellular activity, interfere with foreign cells
agonists
drugs that produce effects similar to those produced by naturally occurring hormones,
neurotransmitters
antagonists
drugs that inhibit cell function by occupying receptor sites which prevents natural body
substances from occupying receptor sites and activating cell function
four processes of pharmacokinetics (ADME)
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism-Biotransformation, Excretion
absorption
occurs from the time drug enters the body to the time it enters the bloodstream; affected
by dosage, route, blood flow to administration site, GI function
bioavailability
part of absorption; portion of a dose that reaches the systemic circulation and is
available to the cells
where are most drugs absorbed?
small intestine (duodenum)
enteral route
drugs administered through GI tract (PO, NG or G-tubes)
what factors alter oral absorption?
drug solubility, gastric and intestinal pH, presence of food, drug preparation
what oral meds should never be crushed?
enteric-coated and sustained release meds
distribution
+ GRADED
pharmacology
the study of drugs and their interactions
goals of drug therapy
provide maximum benefits with minimum harms, provide drug therapy that is tailored to
each individual
ideal drug
effective, safe, selective
nurse responsibilities for drugs
administer drugs, assess for adverse drug effects, provide patient education about
drugs and drug regimen, monitor and prevent medication errors
the nurse answers a patient's call light and finds the patient sitting up in bed and
requesting pain medication. what will the nurse do first?
assess the patient's pain and pain level
assessment
allergies, vital signs, height and weight, lab values, patient complaints, history and
chronic conditions, potential interactions, previous and current use of meds
planning
when to give meds, need for teaching, information needed, resources; goals should be
objective, measurable, and realistic with an established period of time for achievement
of the outcomes that are specifically stated in the outcome criteria
the patient's medication administration record lists two antiepileptic medications
that are due at 0900, but the patient is NPO (nothing by mouth) for a barium
study. the nurse's coworker suggests giving the medications via IV because the
patient is NPO. what will the nurse do?
give the meds via the IV route because the patient is NPO (nothing by mouth)
medication rights
right patient, right drug, right dose, right time, right reason, right route, right to refuse,
right to education, right documentation, right disposal
implementation
proper drug administration, comfort measures, patient and family education; know
meds, interactions, intended effects and side effects
parenteral meds
injections (subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous)
subcutaneous injections
inserted into fatty places, needles are 5/8-1 inches with 25-30 gauge (insulin)
intramuscular injections
inserted into the deltoid or arm, needles are 1-2 inches with 20-22 gauge (vaccines)
intravenous injections
instilled into the veins with a diffusion rate, needles are 1/2 inch with 18-22 gauge (push
meds, piggybacks)
chemical drug name
, provides the exact description of medication's composition, most important name to
chemist
generic drug name
related to the chemical name and often indicates the drug group, lowercase letters
(lamotrigine)
trade drug name
designated and patented by manufacturer, capital letters (Lamictal)
safety rules for meds
NEVER: leave meds at the bedside, chart before med has been given, give what
someone else has prepared, recap needles
pharmacokinetics
study of drug movement throughout the body (what the drug does to the body)
passive diffusion
high to low concentration
active transport
the movement through a cell membrane, uses energy, low to high concentration
diffusion
high to low concentration
filtration
passing in and out of semipermeable membranes
actions of drugs
replace or act as substitutes, increase or stimulate cellular activity, depress or slow
cellular activity, interfere with foreign cells
agonists
drugs that produce effects similar to those produced by naturally occurring hormones,
neurotransmitters
antagonists
drugs that inhibit cell function by occupying receptor sites which prevents natural body
substances from occupying receptor sites and activating cell function
four processes of pharmacokinetics (ADME)
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism-Biotransformation, Excretion
absorption
occurs from the time drug enters the body to the time it enters the bloodstream; affected
by dosage, route, blood flow to administration site, GI function
bioavailability
part of absorption; portion of a dose that reaches the systemic circulation and is
available to the cells
where are most drugs absorbed?
small intestine (duodenum)
enteral route
drugs administered through GI tract (PO, NG or G-tubes)
what factors alter oral absorption?
drug solubility, gastric and intestinal pH, presence of food, drug preparation
what oral meds should never be crushed?
enteric-coated and sustained release meds
distribution
