NURS 334 PHARM FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
what drug route has the slowest onset?
P.O.
o Liquid (quickest of the 3)
o Tablet
o Delayed release (slowest of the 3)
What tablets cannot be crushed?
o EXTENDED RELEASE:
formulated to release the drug gradually over an extended period, often to maintain a
steady therapeutic level in the bloodstream
o ENTERIC COATED:
to protect the stomach from the drug or the drug from the stomach
o SUSTAINED RELEASE:
designed to release the drug slowly and consistently over time, which helps maintain a
steady therapeutic effect
what is the most common effect of first gen. antihistamines?
o drowsiness
o dry mouth
o dry eyes
o urinary retention
o paradoxical excitability (opposite of drowsiness - usually in children)
Histamine One Receptor Antagonist (Antihistamine)
o Diphenhydramine (only first gen)
what is the patient education for someone prescribed lithium?
o prescribed for bipolar/manic episodes
o routine labs/regular blood tests to monitor lithium levels in bloodstream
o adequate sodium intake
o increase fluids (maintain consistent intake of fluids and balanced diet)
o SE: increased thirst, frequent urination, hand tremors, weight gain, GI issues, potential
drowsiness/impaired coordination
Pharmacokinetics occurs in the order of:
o absorption: passage of drug from site to administration (such as the digestive tract for
orally, or bloodstream for IV drugs) in to the bloodstream
o distribution: once drug is in the bloodstream, it gets distributed to various tissues and
organs throughout the body
,o metabolism: after distribution, the drug may undergo metabolism in the liver or other
tissues. metabolism involves enzymatic processes that transform the drug into
metabolites
o excretion: once a drug has been metabolized, it needs to be eliminated from the body.
excretion occurs primarily through the kidneys, which filter the drug from blood into urine
for elimination
what is the difference between bacteriostatic and bactericidal?
Bacteriostatic:
o inhibits growth
Bactericidal:
o kills bacteria
drugs used to treat asthma MOA:
Bronchoconstriction
Beta 2 Agonist:
o Albuterol (SABA)
o Salmeterol (LABA)
Anticholinergic:
o Ipratropium
o Tiotropium
Magnesium
Methylxanthines:
o Theophylline
drugs used to treat asthma MOA:
Inflammation
Systemic Glucocorticoids:
o Prednisone
o Methylprednisolone
Inhaled Glucocorticoids (ICS):
o Fluticasone
o Budesonide
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists:
o Montelukast
Mast Cell Stabilizers:
o Cromolyn
drugs used to treat asthma MOA:
Excessive Secretions
, Anticholinergic:
o Ipratropium
o Tiotropium
what is often taught to avoid GI upset with many PO medicatios?
take with food
what is the recommendation for a patient that has been taking their medication as
prescribed for several months with no relief?
Consult with Healthcare Provider:
o run more tests
o Review tx/re-diagnose
o Adjust dosage
o change medication
o assess/reevaluate patient
o medication use review
what can the RN do to increase medication compliance?
o Educate patient (med literacy)
- Clear instructions
- Simplify medication regimen
- Utilize visual aids
o Determine level of health literacy
- Empower patients to take ownership of their health by emphasizing the importance of
their medication in managing their condition
o Find out why they aren't taking medication
o Involve family/caregivers
o Set alarms/reminders
List four second gen. antipsychotics?
o Aripiprazole
o Lurasidone
o Olanzapine
o Quetiapine
o Risperidone
o Ziprasidone
what is the advantage of second over first gen. antipsychotics?
lower risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)
o acute dystonia
o parkinsonism
o akathisia
o tardive dyskinesia
what is the difference between pantoprazole and famotidine?
Pantoprazole:
o PPI
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
what drug route has the slowest onset?
P.O.
o Liquid (quickest of the 3)
o Tablet
o Delayed release (slowest of the 3)
What tablets cannot be crushed?
o EXTENDED RELEASE:
formulated to release the drug gradually over an extended period, often to maintain a
steady therapeutic level in the bloodstream
o ENTERIC COATED:
to protect the stomach from the drug or the drug from the stomach
o SUSTAINED RELEASE:
designed to release the drug slowly and consistently over time, which helps maintain a
steady therapeutic effect
what is the most common effect of first gen. antihistamines?
o drowsiness
o dry mouth
o dry eyes
o urinary retention
o paradoxical excitability (opposite of drowsiness - usually in children)
Histamine One Receptor Antagonist (Antihistamine)
o Diphenhydramine (only first gen)
what is the patient education for someone prescribed lithium?
o prescribed for bipolar/manic episodes
o routine labs/regular blood tests to monitor lithium levels in bloodstream
o adequate sodium intake
o increase fluids (maintain consistent intake of fluids and balanced diet)
o SE: increased thirst, frequent urination, hand tremors, weight gain, GI issues, potential
drowsiness/impaired coordination
Pharmacokinetics occurs in the order of:
o absorption: passage of drug from site to administration (such as the digestive tract for
orally, or bloodstream for IV drugs) in to the bloodstream
o distribution: once drug is in the bloodstream, it gets distributed to various tissues and
organs throughout the body
,o metabolism: after distribution, the drug may undergo metabolism in the liver or other
tissues. metabolism involves enzymatic processes that transform the drug into
metabolites
o excretion: once a drug has been metabolized, it needs to be eliminated from the body.
excretion occurs primarily through the kidneys, which filter the drug from blood into urine
for elimination
what is the difference between bacteriostatic and bactericidal?
Bacteriostatic:
o inhibits growth
Bactericidal:
o kills bacteria
drugs used to treat asthma MOA:
Bronchoconstriction
Beta 2 Agonist:
o Albuterol (SABA)
o Salmeterol (LABA)
Anticholinergic:
o Ipratropium
o Tiotropium
Magnesium
Methylxanthines:
o Theophylline
drugs used to treat asthma MOA:
Inflammation
Systemic Glucocorticoids:
o Prednisone
o Methylprednisolone
Inhaled Glucocorticoids (ICS):
o Fluticasone
o Budesonide
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists:
o Montelukast
Mast Cell Stabilizers:
o Cromolyn
drugs used to treat asthma MOA:
Excessive Secretions
, Anticholinergic:
o Ipratropium
o Tiotropium
what is often taught to avoid GI upset with many PO medicatios?
take with food
what is the recommendation for a patient that has been taking their medication as
prescribed for several months with no relief?
Consult with Healthcare Provider:
o run more tests
o Review tx/re-diagnose
o Adjust dosage
o change medication
o assess/reevaluate patient
o medication use review
what can the RN do to increase medication compliance?
o Educate patient (med literacy)
- Clear instructions
- Simplify medication regimen
- Utilize visual aids
o Determine level of health literacy
- Empower patients to take ownership of their health by emphasizing the importance of
their medication in managing their condition
o Find out why they aren't taking medication
o Involve family/caregivers
o Set alarms/reminders
List four second gen. antipsychotics?
o Aripiprazole
o Lurasidone
o Olanzapine
o Quetiapine
o Risperidone
o Ziprasidone
what is the advantage of second over first gen. antipsychotics?
lower risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)
o acute dystonia
o parkinsonism
o akathisia
o tardive dyskinesia
what is the difference between pantoprazole and famotidine?
Pantoprazole:
o PPI
