Assessment in Counseling Final Exam
Review Questions with 100% Correct
answers |Verified Solutions
What 5 intelligence constructs does IQ test look at? - ✔✔-verbal comprehension
-visual-spatial reasoning
-fluid reasoning
-working memory
-processing speed
Measures the ability to rapidly identify visual information, make accurate decision quickly,
and rapidly identify visual information - ✔✔processing speed
Assess a person's ability to identify visual and auditory information, maintain it in
temporary storage, and resequence it for use of in problem - ✔✔working memory
Measure abstract conceptual reasoning and the ability to conceptualize information abstractly
and to that knowledge - ✔✔fluid reasoning
Assess spatial reasoning and the ability to analyze visual details - ✔✔visual-spatial reasoning
Measures verbal reasoning with emphasis on work knowledge acquisition, information
retrieval, verbal problem solving, and general knowledge. - ✔✔verbal
comprehension
Assessments provided to individual persons; Counselors are not typically responsible for the
administration, scoring and interpretation of these types of intelligence tests -
✔✔individual intelligence testing
,Assessment often given in conjunction with group achievement test in schools; thus, their use
is often connected with evaluating student performance; Sometimes serve as initial screening
tool to identify those children who should receive additional testing to identify a possible
learning disability or developmental delay - ✔✔Group intelligence testing
4 limitations of group intelligence testings - ✔✔1. Impossible to document the behaviors
of an entire group
2. Sometimes individuals are not motivated to perform at their highest levels
3.Require more reading than individually administered tests (which can be problematic
for individuals with limited reading skills)
4. Counselors must consider each client's culture, background, and language proficiencies
Is intelligence stable? - ✔✔Research indicated intelligence is fairly stable with a slight
decline occurring around age 65; declines tend to be in the area of fluid intelligence
2 issues in intelligence testing - ✔✔There is no generally agreed upon definition of
intelligence and there is no consensus on what the best way to measure/assess intelligence is
Is intelligence hereditary? - ✔✔Both a combination of heredity and environment
What environmental factors influence intelligence? (list 4) - ✔✔-Cultural environment
-Exposure to toxins
-Family influence
-Schooling/ education
Are there gender differences in intelligence testing? - ✔✔there does not appear to be
general intellectual differences between males and females, but there are some differences
on specific tasks or abilities.
-Males better in visual spatial ability
,-Females better on the verbal tasks
Males tend to score better on this in intelligence testing - ✔✔visual-spatial ability
Females tend to score better on this in intelligence testing - ✔✔verbal tasks
Are there ethnic group difference in intelligence test performance? - ✔✔yes- does not
appear to be related to any one factor, such as hereditary or language differences
This term explains the rise of intelligence in recent years and the way in which IQ scores go up
each decade - ✔✔Flynn Effect
How was intelligence testing misused historically? - ✔✔-TESTING BIAS
-Lack of accounting for differences (such as culture, education, socio-economic
status, language, access to resources, disabilities, etc...)
-Was used against POC, those of lower socio-econmic status, and those with language barriers
due to the appearance of lower scores
What is the importance of confidence intervals with intelligence measurement - ✔✔-The
confidence interval makes up the range in which an individual would be likely to score most of
the time under different conditions.
-It is unlikely that if an individual took an intelligence test again they would receive the exact
same score, but the confidence interval should explain the range they can expect new scores
to fall in
-When scoring intelligence tests, it would not be appropriate to give an individual a raw
IQ score
A two-factor theory of intelligence that postulates everyone has a general ability factor
influencing their performance on intellectual tasks, and also specific factors correlated to g
that influence performance in specific areas - ✔✔Spearman's model
, Term applied to findings indicating that the validity of cognitive ability tests can be generalized
and that cognitive ability is highly related to job performance. - ✔✔Validity generalization
U.S. Federal law which held schools accountable for student achievement - ✔✔No Child
Left Behind Act
Why was the No Child Left Behind Act controversial? - ✔✔Controversial in part because it
penalized schools that didn't show improvement.
Act that stated all students in grades 3 through 8 must be assessed annually in at least math
and reading so that their progress can be measured against state standards; Each state had
to develop measurable adequate yearly progress (AYP) objectives to ensure that students
had reached the determined objectives; States given 12 years to show 100% of their students
are performing at the proficient level or above in mathematic and reading/English -
✔✔Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
Details what K-12 students throughout the United States should know in English language
arts and mathematics at the conclusion of each school grade; NOT developed by federal
government but rather state leaders; Rationale was to develop rigorous consistent and real
world learning goals that would ensure all students, regardless of where they lived, would
graduate prepared for college and career - ✔✔Common Core
A test that provides a prediction about the individual's future performance or ability to learn
based on his or her performance on the test; often predict either future academic or
vocational career performance - ✔✔Aptitude Test
An assessment in which the person has achieve knowledge, information, or skills
through instruction, training, or experience; do not make any predictions about the
future - ✔✔Achievement Test
Review Questions with 100% Correct
answers |Verified Solutions
What 5 intelligence constructs does IQ test look at? - ✔✔-verbal comprehension
-visual-spatial reasoning
-fluid reasoning
-working memory
-processing speed
Measures the ability to rapidly identify visual information, make accurate decision quickly,
and rapidly identify visual information - ✔✔processing speed
Assess a person's ability to identify visual and auditory information, maintain it in
temporary storage, and resequence it for use of in problem - ✔✔working memory
Measure abstract conceptual reasoning and the ability to conceptualize information abstractly
and to that knowledge - ✔✔fluid reasoning
Assess spatial reasoning and the ability to analyze visual details - ✔✔visual-spatial reasoning
Measures verbal reasoning with emphasis on work knowledge acquisition, information
retrieval, verbal problem solving, and general knowledge. - ✔✔verbal
comprehension
Assessments provided to individual persons; Counselors are not typically responsible for the
administration, scoring and interpretation of these types of intelligence tests -
✔✔individual intelligence testing
,Assessment often given in conjunction with group achievement test in schools; thus, their use
is often connected with evaluating student performance; Sometimes serve as initial screening
tool to identify those children who should receive additional testing to identify a possible
learning disability or developmental delay - ✔✔Group intelligence testing
4 limitations of group intelligence testings - ✔✔1. Impossible to document the behaviors
of an entire group
2. Sometimes individuals are not motivated to perform at their highest levels
3.Require more reading than individually administered tests (which can be problematic
for individuals with limited reading skills)
4. Counselors must consider each client's culture, background, and language proficiencies
Is intelligence stable? - ✔✔Research indicated intelligence is fairly stable with a slight
decline occurring around age 65; declines tend to be in the area of fluid intelligence
2 issues in intelligence testing - ✔✔There is no generally agreed upon definition of
intelligence and there is no consensus on what the best way to measure/assess intelligence is
Is intelligence hereditary? - ✔✔Both a combination of heredity and environment
What environmental factors influence intelligence? (list 4) - ✔✔-Cultural environment
-Exposure to toxins
-Family influence
-Schooling/ education
Are there gender differences in intelligence testing? - ✔✔there does not appear to be
general intellectual differences between males and females, but there are some differences
on specific tasks or abilities.
-Males better in visual spatial ability
,-Females better on the verbal tasks
Males tend to score better on this in intelligence testing - ✔✔visual-spatial ability
Females tend to score better on this in intelligence testing - ✔✔verbal tasks
Are there ethnic group difference in intelligence test performance? - ✔✔yes- does not
appear to be related to any one factor, such as hereditary or language differences
This term explains the rise of intelligence in recent years and the way in which IQ scores go up
each decade - ✔✔Flynn Effect
How was intelligence testing misused historically? - ✔✔-TESTING BIAS
-Lack of accounting for differences (such as culture, education, socio-economic
status, language, access to resources, disabilities, etc...)
-Was used against POC, those of lower socio-econmic status, and those with language barriers
due to the appearance of lower scores
What is the importance of confidence intervals with intelligence measurement - ✔✔-The
confidence interval makes up the range in which an individual would be likely to score most of
the time under different conditions.
-It is unlikely that if an individual took an intelligence test again they would receive the exact
same score, but the confidence interval should explain the range they can expect new scores
to fall in
-When scoring intelligence tests, it would not be appropriate to give an individual a raw
IQ score
A two-factor theory of intelligence that postulates everyone has a general ability factor
influencing their performance on intellectual tasks, and also specific factors correlated to g
that influence performance in specific areas - ✔✔Spearman's model
, Term applied to findings indicating that the validity of cognitive ability tests can be generalized
and that cognitive ability is highly related to job performance. - ✔✔Validity generalization
U.S. Federal law which held schools accountable for student achievement - ✔✔No Child
Left Behind Act
Why was the No Child Left Behind Act controversial? - ✔✔Controversial in part because it
penalized schools that didn't show improvement.
Act that stated all students in grades 3 through 8 must be assessed annually in at least math
and reading so that their progress can be measured against state standards; Each state had
to develop measurable adequate yearly progress (AYP) objectives to ensure that students
had reached the determined objectives; States given 12 years to show 100% of their students
are performing at the proficient level or above in mathematic and reading/English -
✔✔Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
Details what K-12 students throughout the United States should know in English language
arts and mathematics at the conclusion of each school grade; NOT developed by federal
government but rather state leaders; Rationale was to develop rigorous consistent and real
world learning goals that would ensure all students, regardless of where they lived, would
graduate prepared for college and career - ✔✔Common Core
A test that provides a prediction about the individual's future performance or ability to learn
based on his or her performance on the test; often predict either future academic or
vocational career performance - ✔✔Aptitude Test
An assessment in which the person has achieve knowledge, information, or skills
through instruction, training, or experience; do not make any predictions about the
future - ✔✔Achievement Test
