Exam 1 & Exam 2: NURS 660/ NURS660 (Latest 2024/
2025 Updates STUDY BUNDLE PACKAGE WITH
SOLUTIONS) Psychopharmacology and Advanced
Mental Health | Qs & As| 100% Correct| Grade A
(Verified Answers)- Maryville
stimulant ADHD medications - ANSWERDexamfetamine
Lisdexamfetaine
Ethylphenidate
Non stimulant medication - ANSWERAtomoxetine
Guanfacine
Clonidine
Which drug can cause severe rebound hypertension when stopped? -
ANSWERClonidine - Alpha2 adrenergic R agonist
Clonidine - ANSWERSympatholytic - α2 agonist - centrally acting
presynaptic α2 receptors in the vasomotor center in the brainstem
Helpful for treating tics, ADHD
Guafancine - ANSWERNon stimulant ADHD medication
Metabolised by CYP3A4/5
Can increase levels of valproic acid
Selective agonist of alpha-adrenergic receptors
Binds to post synaptic alpha2A-adrenergic receptors
MAO are contraindicated with which ADHD medications? -
ANSWERDexamfetamine / lisdexamfetamine
Methylphenidate
Atomoxetine
ADHD medications contraindicated in pheochromocytoma? -
ANSWERMethylphenidate
Atomoxetine
5HT3 antagonists - ANSWERAntiemetics that act in the chemoreceptor trigger zone
in the medulla oblongata.
Ondasetron + ganisetron
Common SE - constipation
Adverse drug reactions definition - ANSWERDescribe harm associated with use of
medications at NORMAL doses.
,Adverse drug reaction are classified in? - ANSWERType A - pharmacological reaction
Type B - idiosyncratic reactions
Subtype of B - allergic reactions
Type A - ADRs - pharmacological reactions - ANSWERPredictable and based on drugs
known pharmacology.
Dose-dependant
Reversible on discontinuation of drug
80% of reactions
Type B - idiosyncratic ADRs - ANSWERUnpredictable + not related to drug
pharmacology.
Drug allergies
Example - clozapine induced agranulocytosis, steven johnson syndrome with
lamotrogine
Allergic reactions (ADRs) - ANSWERType 1 - IgE mediated (urticaria, pruritus,
angioedema, prophylaxis) - benzodiazepines.
Type 2 - cytotoxic (activation of complements + destruction of cells by Ab) - drug
induced haemolytic anaemia or thrombocytopenia. - carbamazepine - aplastic
anaemia.
Type 3 - immune complex reaction (Ag-Ab aggregates) - chlorpromazine: drug
induced lupus.
Type 4 - cell mediated reaction (delayed hypersensitivity, T cells) - steven johnson
syndrome with lamotrigine, contact dermatitis with topical lithium.
Agomelatine - ANSWERM1 + M2 receptor Agonist - sleep
5HT2C Antagonist - Dopamine + NE release from frontal cortex.
Serotonin not affected.
Agonist - ANSWERBinds to receptor and produces biological response
partial agonist - ANSWERProduces biological response
Cannot produce 100% of response even at high doses
Antagonist - ANSWERNo effect on their own
Blocks effects of agonist
competitive antagonist - ANSWERIrreversible binding to receptor
Does not affect response
Cause agonist to be less potent
,inverse agonist - ANSWEROpposite effect to full agonist
Full agonist - ANSWERDisplays full efficacy at receptor
Secondary amines TCAs - ANSWER- lower SE profile + act on NA
- 2nd gen TCA
Desipramine
Nortriptyline
Protriptyline
Amoxapine
Tertiary amines TCAs - ANSWER- boost serotonin + NA
- 1st gen TCA
Amitryptiline
Lofepramine
Imipramine
Clomipramine
Dosulepine/dothiepin
Doxepin
Trimipramine
Butriptyline
anabolic steroids - ANSWERSynthetic derivative of testosterone
Anabolic + androgenic properties
Nandrolone
Stanozol
Oxandralone
Trenbolone
effects of testosterone - ANSWERMuscle protein metabolism
Sexual + cognitive
Erythropoiesis
Plasma lipids
Bone metabolism
Anabolic steroids - ANSWER30% develops dependence + tollerance
Class C controlled drug
Prescription only
PO, IM or topical
3 common practices:
Cycling (4-12w use then stop, restart)
, Stacking (use >1 steroid)
Pyramiding (cycle of building to peak dose and then taper down at end of cycle)
Drug of abuse by athletes - ANSWERSteroids - main drug of abuse
Other -
Clenbuterol
Ephedrine
Thyroxine
Insulin
Tamoxifen
HCG
Diuretics
Growth hormone
Psychiatric disorders associated with anabolic steroids - ANSWER'Roid rage' - violent
behaviour during high dose cycles
Aggression/irritability/mood swings
Psychosis
Mania
Hypomania
Depression
Anxiety
Complications of anabolic steroids - ANSWERMuscle hypertrophy
Decreased HDL
Increased LDL
MI
Cholestatic jaundice
Liver tumours
BPH
Testicular atrophy
Sterility
Gynaecomastia
Abnormal sperm
Painful breast lumps
Male pattern baldness
Acne, jaundice
Sleep apnoea
Tic disorders worsen
Glucose intollerance
Complications of anabolic steroids in Females - ANSWERBreast tissue shrink
Abnormal menstrual cycle
Clitoral hypertrophy
Hirsuitism
2025 Updates STUDY BUNDLE PACKAGE WITH
SOLUTIONS) Psychopharmacology and Advanced
Mental Health | Qs & As| 100% Correct| Grade A
(Verified Answers)- Maryville
stimulant ADHD medications - ANSWERDexamfetamine
Lisdexamfetaine
Ethylphenidate
Non stimulant medication - ANSWERAtomoxetine
Guanfacine
Clonidine
Which drug can cause severe rebound hypertension when stopped? -
ANSWERClonidine - Alpha2 adrenergic R agonist
Clonidine - ANSWERSympatholytic - α2 agonist - centrally acting
presynaptic α2 receptors in the vasomotor center in the brainstem
Helpful for treating tics, ADHD
Guafancine - ANSWERNon stimulant ADHD medication
Metabolised by CYP3A4/5
Can increase levels of valproic acid
Selective agonist of alpha-adrenergic receptors
Binds to post synaptic alpha2A-adrenergic receptors
MAO are contraindicated with which ADHD medications? -
ANSWERDexamfetamine / lisdexamfetamine
Methylphenidate
Atomoxetine
ADHD medications contraindicated in pheochromocytoma? -
ANSWERMethylphenidate
Atomoxetine
5HT3 antagonists - ANSWERAntiemetics that act in the chemoreceptor trigger zone
in the medulla oblongata.
Ondasetron + ganisetron
Common SE - constipation
Adverse drug reactions definition - ANSWERDescribe harm associated with use of
medications at NORMAL doses.
,Adverse drug reaction are classified in? - ANSWERType A - pharmacological reaction
Type B - idiosyncratic reactions
Subtype of B - allergic reactions
Type A - ADRs - pharmacological reactions - ANSWERPredictable and based on drugs
known pharmacology.
Dose-dependant
Reversible on discontinuation of drug
80% of reactions
Type B - idiosyncratic ADRs - ANSWERUnpredictable + not related to drug
pharmacology.
Drug allergies
Example - clozapine induced agranulocytosis, steven johnson syndrome with
lamotrogine
Allergic reactions (ADRs) - ANSWERType 1 - IgE mediated (urticaria, pruritus,
angioedema, prophylaxis) - benzodiazepines.
Type 2 - cytotoxic (activation of complements + destruction of cells by Ab) - drug
induced haemolytic anaemia or thrombocytopenia. - carbamazepine - aplastic
anaemia.
Type 3 - immune complex reaction (Ag-Ab aggregates) - chlorpromazine: drug
induced lupus.
Type 4 - cell mediated reaction (delayed hypersensitivity, T cells) - steven johnson
syndrome with lamotrigine, contact dermatitis with topical lithium.
Agomelatine - ANSWERM1 + M2 receptor Agonist - sleep
5HT2C Antagonist - Dopamine + NE release from frontal cortex.
Serotonin not affected.
Agonist - ANSWERBinds to receptor and produces biological response
partial agonist - ANSWERProduces biological response
Cannot produce 100% of response even at high doses
Antagonist - ANSWERNo effect on their own
Blocks effects of agonist
competitive antagonist - ANSWERIrreversible binding to receptor
Does not affect response
Cause agonist to be less potent
,inverse agonist - ANSWEROpposite effect to full agonist
Full agonist - ANSWERDisplays full efficacy at receptor
Secondary amines TCAs - ANSWER- lower SE profile + act on NA
- 2nd gen TCA
Desipramine
Nortriptyline
Protriptyline
Amoxapine
Tertiary amines TCAs - ANSWER- boost serotonin + NA
- 1st gen TCA
Amitryptiline
Lofepramine
Imipramine
Clomipramine
Dosulepine/dothiepin
Doxepin
Trimipramine
Butriptyline
anabolic steroids - ANSWERSynthetic derivative of testosterone
Anabolic + androgenic properties
Nandrolone
Stanozol
Oxandralone
Trenbolone
effects of testosterone - ANSWERMuscle protein metabolism
Sexual + cognitive
Erythropoiesis
Plasma lipids
Bone metabolism
Anabolic steroids - ANSWER30% develops dependence + tollerance
Class C controlled drug
Prescription only
PO, IM or topical
3 common practices:
Cycling (4-12w use then stop, restart)
, Stacking (use >1 steroid)
Pyramiding (cycle of building to peak dose and then taper down at end of cycle)
Drug of abuse by athletes - ANSWERSteroids - main drug of abuse
Other -
Clenbuterol
Ephedrine
Thyroxine
Insulin
Tamoxifen
HCG
Diuretics
Growth hormone
Psychiatric disorders associated with anabolic steroids - ANSWER'Roid rage' - violent
behaviour during high dose cycles
Aggression/irritability/mood swings
Psychosis
Mania
Hypomania
Depression
Anxiety
Complications of anabolic steroids - ANSWERMuscle hypertrophy
Decreased HDL
Increased LDL
MI
Cholestatic jaundice
Liver tumours
BPH
Testicular atrophy
Sterility
Gynaecomastia
Abnormal sperm
Painful breast lumps
Male pattern baldness
Acne, jaundice
Sleep apnoea
Tic disorders worsen
Glucose intollerance
Complications of anabolic steroids in Females - ANSWERBreast tissue shrink
Abnormal menstrual cycle
Clitoral hypertrophy
Hirsuitism
