NURS2730 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A+ GRADED
The cardiovascular system is a _______ ______ circulating blood out to the lungs
and body.
double pump
Arteries
carries oxygenated blood away from heart
Common Cardiovascular symptoms
chest pain/pressure, heart skipping, racing, fluttering, pounding, anxious, syncope/pre-
syncope
Past medical history at risk for CV disease
hypertension, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, diabetes, lupus
Medication Lifestyle habits at risk for CV disease
adverse drug reactions, not taking as prescribed, acetylsalicylic acid to reduce clotting,
cocaine, cystal meth
__ mg. of acetylsalicylic acid daily is cardioprotective.
81
How does cocaine and crystal meth affect the CV system?
arrythmias, MI, stroke
Chest Pain OLD CART
onset, location, duration, characteristics (pressure), associated manifestations, relieving
factors, treatment
The S1 results from closure of the _____ and _________ valves.
mitral, tricuspid
The S2 results from closure of the ______ and ___________ valves.
aortic, pulmonic
What item must you have during a
watch with a second hand
Palpate carotid arteries ____ __ _ _____ with _______ and _______ fingers.
one at a time, index, middle
Jugular Vein Distention
JVP greater than 3cm above the sternal angle
In what situation will the JVD be the only vein that may have a pulse?
if the pt is fluid overloaded because there is no valve between right atrium and JV
JVD is associated with?
heart failure, tricuspid regurgitation, fluid volume overload
NVD Inspection Position
most distended supine, should disappear at 45 degrees, not seen upright
NVD Inspection Activity
reflects activity, function, and competency of right side of heart (right arterial pressure)
, What does - NVD indicate?
normal
What does + JVD indicate?
severe CHF or fluid overload
Heart Failure Equation
stroke volume x heart rate = cardiac output
Apical pulse (1 min) must be over what?
60
Side effects of Digitalis/Digoxin/Lanoxin
confusion, loss of appetite, N/V/D, vision problems
How to palpate PMI (point of maximum impulse)
5th left ICS at MCL
How to palpate Precordium
pt may be sitting, supine, or on left side
Auscultation Sites
s1 and s2 heart sounds (diaphragm) for rate, rhythm, amplitude (0-4), and murmurs
What is s1?
closing of AV valves - mitral and tricuspid
What is s2?
closure of semilunar valves - aortic and pulmonic
Where is the aortic valve located?
2nd right ICS, sternal border
Where is the pulmonic valve located?
2nd left ICS, sternal border
Where is the Erb's point located?
3rd left ICS, sternal border
Where is the tricuspid valve located?
4th left ICS, sternal border
Where is the mitral valve located?
5th left ICS MCL or LLSB
If heart sounds are difficult to hear, have pt lay on _____ side or _____ _________
to bring the heart closer to the _______ ____.
left, lean forward, chest wall
Loudness of sounds may be increased or decreased related to?
musculature, obesity, COPD
Duration of sounds are less than ___ second, when heart rate of ___-___. Cycle
lasts _.__ seconds.
1, 60-100, 0.86
Atrial Fibrillation
the only irregularly irregular rhythm
What grade are heart murmurs?
1/6
Lab Tests - Cardiac Enzymes and Proteins
the myocardium releases cardiac enzymes and proteins in response to cell damage
Normal Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB)
5-25 IU/L
A+ GRADED
The cardiovascular system is a _______ ______ circulating blood out to the lungs
and body.
double pump
Arteries
carries oxygenated blood away from heart
Common Cardiovascular symptoms
chest pain/pressure, heart skipping, racing, fluttering, pounding, anxious, syncope/pre-
syncope
Past medical history at risk for CV disease
hypertension, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, diabetes, lupus
Medication Lifestyle habits at risk for CV disease
adverse drug reactions, not taking as prescribed, acetylsalicylic acid to reduce clotting,
cocaine, cystal meth
__ mg. of acetylsalicylic acid daily is cardioprotective.
81
How does cocaine and crystal meth affect the CV system?
arrythmias, MI, stroke
Chest Pain OLD CART
onset, location, duration, characteristics (pressure), associated manifestations, relieving
factors, treatment
The S1 results from closure of the _____ and _________ valves.
mitral, tricuspid
The S2 results from closure of the ______ and ___________ valves.
aortic, pulmonic
What item must you have during a
watch with a second hand
Palpate carotid arteries ____ __ _ _____ with _______ and _______ fingers.
one at a time, index, middle
Jugular Vein Distention
JVP greater than 3cm above the sternal angle
In what situation will the JVD be the only vein that may have a pulse?
if the pt is fluid overloaded because there is no valve between right atrium and JV
JVD is associated with?
heart failure, tricuspid regurgitation, fluid volume overload
NVD Inspection Position
most distended supine, should disappear at 45 degrees, not seen upright
NVD Inspection Activity
reflects activity, function, and competency of right side of heart (right arterial pressure)
, What does - NVD indicate?
normal
What does + JVD indicate?
severe CHF or fluid overload
Heart Failure Equation
stroke volume x heart rate = cardiac output
Apical pulse (1 min) must be over what?
60
Side effects of Digitalis/Digoxin/Lanoxin
confusion, loss of appetite, N/V/D, vision problems
How to palpate PMI (point of maximum impulse)
5th left ICS at MCL
How to palpate Precordium
pt may be sitting, supine, or on left side
Auscultation Sites
s1 and s2 heart sounds (diaphragm) for rate, rhythm, amplitude (0-4), and murmurs
What is s1?
closing of AV valves - mitral and tricuspid
What is s2?
closure of semilunar valves - aortic and pulmonic
Where is the aortic valve located?
2nd right ICS, sternal border
Where is the pulmonic valve located?
2nd left ICS, sternal border
Where is the Erb's point located?
3rd left ICS, sternal border
Where is the tricuspid valve located?
4th left ICS, sternal border
Where is the mitral valve located?
5th left ICS MCL or LLSB
If heart sounds are difficult to hear, have pt lay on _____ side or _____ _________
to bring the heart closer to the _______ ____.
left, lean forward, chest wall
Loudness of sounds may be increased or decreased related to?
musculature, obesity, COPD
Duration of sounds are less than ___ second, when heart rate of ___-___. Cycle
lasts _.__ seconds.
1, 60-100, 0.86
Atrial Fibrillation
the only irregularly irregular rhythm
What grade are heart murmurs?
1/6
Lab Tests - Cardiac Enzymes and Proteins
the myocardium releases cardiac enzymes and proteins in response to cell damage
Normal Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB)
5-25 IU/L
