WGU D441 Medical Dosage Calculations and
Pharmacology Guide (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) |Qs &
As| 100% Correct| Grade A (Verified Answers)
pharmacology - ANSWERstudy of source, nature, chemistry, uses, action and
properties of drugs and their effects on living organisms.
pharmaceuticals - ANSWERaka - medical drugs - used to prevent, diagnose, and treat
diseases, relieve pain.
definition of drug - ANSWERsubstance or biological tath can affect the structure or
function of the body and maintained by an official pharmacopoia or formulary.
pharmacopoia - ANSWERdatabase or compilation describing drugs, chemicals, and
medicinal preparations maintained by a governing body or organizational body such
as the american hospital formulary service publised by the american society of
hospital pharmacists
medical record documentation must include - ANSWERdiagnoses, treatments which
are directly related to drugs, drug side effects, drug allergies, drug interactions, drug
treatments or drug-related problems or conditions
drug administration - ANSWERproviding a drug to a pt
measured amount of drug - ANSWERdose or unit or a unit dose
I-10 coding of medication errors - ANSWERinfo about med errors and external causes
of injury will be embedded in the code for the condition. therefore a single, more
informative combo code will provide a ready source of info to help medical
professionals prevent medical errirs and improve quality of care.
Medicinal Chemistry - ANSWERnew drug synthesis
Chemotherapy - ANSWERstudy of drugs that's destroy microorganisms, parasites or
malignant cells
toxicology - ANSWERstudy of harmful effect of drugs and chemicals on the body
pharmacokinetics - ANSWERmathematical description of drug disposition over time
pharmacodynamics - ANSWERstudy of drug effects on the body
molecular pharmacology - ANSWERinteraction of drugs and subcellular entities
,chemical name - ANSWERspecifies the chemical make up of the drug: N-acetyl-para-
aminophenol
generic - ANSWERname may be used by any company (acetaminophen). Derived
from the chemical name and usually starts with a lower case letter
brand or trade - ANSWERthe property and can be a registered brand name and
usually starts with a capital letter
two primary routes of administration - ANSWERenteral - being or possessing a
coating designed to pass through the stomach unaltered and to disintegrate in the
intestines.
parenteral - situated or occuring outside the intestine
oral - ANSWERtablets, caplets, capsules: Tyenol or aspirin enters through the
alimentary canal
sublingual - ANSWERenter mucous membrane under tounge - nitro
rectal - ANSWERsuppositories
parenteral (slides 23-29) - ANSWERinjections
intracavity instillation - ANSWERdrug injection into body cavity
intradermal - ANSWERskin testing for allergies
subcutaneous - ANSWERaka hypodermic - insulin
intramuscular - ANSWERbuttock or arm injections into muscle
intrathecal instillation - ANSWERmethotrexate for cancer chemotherapy into spinal
canal
intravenous injection - ANSWERdrug instilled into vein
pumps - ANSWERcontinous administration of cipro
inhalation - ANSWERaerosols: pentamidine for pneumonia in AIDS patients
topical application - ANSWERlotions, ointments, creams, transdermal patches, nitro
and hormones
four phases (ADME) of disposition of drug within the body - ANSWERabsorption
distribution
metabolism
, elimination
receptor - ANSWERtarget substance with which drugs interact; a drug may work on
more than one receptor
response - ANSWERdesired and benefical effects- local, systemic, action,
biotransformation
drugs that are more potent mahy also pose higher toxic side effects. drugs can also
have more than one effect. many treat the same conditions thus creating a class of
drugs
local effect - ANSWERaka topical - if a drug effect stays at the site of administration
systemic effect - ANSWERif a drug acts on many sites away for the administration
site
action - ANSWERwhere and how a drug combines with tissues
biotransformation - ANSWERif a drug is chemically changed in the body
tolerance - ANSWERdrug effects diminish during treatment, increasing amounts are
needed to obtain the same effect.
addiction - ANSWERphysical and psychological dependence on and craving for a
drug. there are usually clear unpleasant effects when the drug or agents are
withdrawn
controlled substances - ANSWERproduce tolerance and dependence and have
potential of abuse or addiction
multiple drug interactions - ANSWERmultiple drugs may have additional interactions
additive action - ANSWER(1+1=2) - the combonation of 2 similar drugs is equal to the
sum of the effects of each. 10% tumor kill plus 20% tumer kill gives a 30% tumor kill.
antagonistic - ANSWER(1+1=0) - the drugs have less than an additive effect.
synergistic - ANSWER(1+1=5) - the drugs cause an effect greater then the sum of the
individual effects of the drugs
synergism - ANSWERthe drugs not only enhance their effect, but greatly enhance or
almost multiply the effects of the drugs. and example is the use of penicillin with
streptomycin (both antibiotics) to treat bacterial endocarditis
potentiation - ANSWER(a+b=B) - means drug a enhances the effect of drug b into
capital "B"
Pharmacology Guide (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) |Qs &
As| 100% Correct| Grade A (Verified Answers)
pharmacology - ANSWERstudy of source, nature, chemistry, uses, action and
properties of drugs and their effects on living organisms.
pharmaceuticals - ANSWERaka - medical drugs - used to prevent, diagnose, and treat
diseases, relieve pain.
definition of drug - ANSWERsubstance or biological tath can affect the structure or
function of the body and maintained by an official pharmacopoia or formulary.
pharmacopoia - ANSWERdatabase or compilation describing drugs, chemicals, and
medicinal preparations maintained by a governing body or organizational body such
as the american hospital formulary service publised by the american society of
hospital pharmacists
medical record documentation must include - ANSWERdiagnoses, treatments which
are directly related to drugs, drug side effects, drug allergies, drug interactions, drug
treatments or drug-related problems or conditions
drug administration - ANSWERproviding a drug to a pt
measured amount of drug - ANSWERdose or unit or a unit dose
I-10 coding of medication errors - ANSWERinfo about med errors and external causes
of injury will be embedded in the code for the condition. therefore a single, more
informative combo code will provide a ready source of info to help medical
professionals prevent medical errirs and improve quality of care.
Medicinal Chemistry - ANSWERnew drug synthesis
Chemotherapy - ANSWERstudy of drugs that's destroy microorganisms, parasites or
malignant cells
toxicology - ANSWERstudy of harmful effect of drugs and chemicals on the body
pharmacokinetics - ANSWERmathematical description of drug disposition over time
pharmacodynamics - ANSWERstudy of drug effects on the body
molecular pharmacology - ANSWERinteraction of drugs and subcellular entities
,chemical name - ANSWERspecifies the chemical make up of the drug: N-acetyl-para-
aminophenol
generic - ANSWERname may be used by any company (acetaminophen). Derived
from the chemical name and usually starts with a lower case letter
brand or trade - ANSWERthe property and can be a registered brand name and
usually starts with a capital letter
two primary routes of administration - ANSWERenteral - being or possessing a
coating designed to pass through the stomach unaltered and to disintegrate in the
intestines.
parenteral - situated or occuring outside the intestine
oral - ANSWERtablets, caplets, capsules: Tyenol or aspirin enters through the
alimentary canal
sublingual - ANSWERenter mucous membrane under tounge - nitro
rectal - ANSWERsuppositories
parenteral (slides 23-29) - ANSWERinjections
intracavity instillation - ANSWERdrug injection into body cavity
intradermal - ANSWERskin testing for allergies
subcutaneous - ANSWERaka hypodermic - insulin
intramuscular - ANSWERbuttock or arm injections into muscle
intrathecal instillation - ANSWERmethotrexate for cancer chemotherapy into spinal
canal
intravenous injection - ANSWERdrug instilled into vein
pumps - ANSWERcontinous administration of cipro
inhalation - ANSWERaerosols: pentamidine for pneumonia in AIDS patients
topical application - ANSWERlotions, ointments, creams, transdermal patches, nitro
and hormones
four phases (ADME) of disposition of drug within the body - ANSWERabsorption
distribution
metabolism
, elimination
receptor - ANSWERtarget substance with which drugs interact; a drug may work on
more than one receptor
response - ANSWERdesired and benefical effects- local, systemic, action,
biotransformation
drugs that are more potent mahy also pose higher toxic side effects. drugs can also
have more than one effect. many treat the same conditions thus creating a class of
drugs
local effect - ANSWERaka topical - if a drug effect stays at the site of administration
systemic effect - ANSWERif a drug acts on many sites away for the administration
site
action - ANSWERwhere and how a drug combines with tissues
biotransformation - ANSWERif a drug is chemically changed in the body
tolerance - ANSWERdrug effects diminish during treatment, increasing amounts are
needed to obtain the same effect.
addiction - ANSWERphysical and psychological dependence on and craving for a
drug. there are usually clear unpleasant effects when the drug or agents are
withdrawn
controlled substances - ANSWERproduce tolerance and dependence and have
potential of abuse or addiction
multiple drug interactions - ANSWERmultiple drugs may have additional interactions
additive action - ANSWER(1+1=2) - the combonation of 2 similar drugs is equal to the
sum of the effects of each. 10% tumor kill plus 20% tumer kill gives a 30% tumor kill.
antagonistic - ANSWER(1+1=0) - the drugs have less than an additive effect.
synergistic - ANSWER(1+1=5) - the drugs cause an effect greater then the sum of the
individual effects of the drugs
synergism - ANSWERthe drugs not only enhance their effect, but greatly enhance or
almost multiply the effects of the drugs. and example is the use of penicillin with
streptomycin (both antibiotics) to treat bacterial endocarditis
potentiation - ANSWER(a+b=B) - means drug a enhances the effect of drug b into
capital "B"
