WGU D441 Objective Assessments,Pre- Assessments &
Final Exams (Latest 2024/ 2025 Updates STUDY
BUNDLE PACKAGE WITH SOLUTIONS) Medical Dosage
Calculations and Pharmacology |Qs & As| 100%
Correct| Grade A (Verified Answers)
Anticoagulants interfere with the - ANSWERclotting cascade by different actions and
routes. Unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), and
fondaparinux prevent the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, the final step in clotting.
They are administered parenterally. Unfractionated heparin (usually referred to as
"heparin") can be given intravenously (IV) or subcutaneously (SQ). LMWH and
fondaparinux are given SQ. This lesson will focus on unfractionated heparin as the
prototype drug.
Pharmacokinetics of Unfractionated Heparin: absorption - ANSWERPoorly absorbed
through the gastrointestinal tract
Pharmacokinetics of Unfractionated Heparin: distribution - ANSWERMore than 80%
bound nonspecifically to plasma proteins
Pharmacokinetics of Unfractionated Heparin: metabolism - ANSWERMetabolized by
heparinase, a liver enzyme
Pharmacokinetics of Unfractionated Heparin: excretion - ANSWERExcreted primarily
by the kidneys
Heparin binds with - ANSWERantithrombin III to inactivate thrombin, which then
inhibits the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Fibrin is the final step to the formation
of a clot.
Therapeutic use of unfractionated heparin - ANSWERis used in patients at risk for
blood clots, which include those with valvular heart disease, atrial fibrillation/flutter,
and hypercoagulable hematology disorders. Others at risk include persons with
venous or arterial vascular disorders, such as deep vein thrombosis, embolic
cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), or myocardial infarctions.
Unfractionated heparin IV onset - ANSWERimmediate
Unfractionated heparin IV peak - ANSWER5-10 min
Unfractionated heparin IV duration - ANSWER2-6 hr
Unfractionated heparin IV half life - ANSWERDose-related
, Unfractionated heparin SQ onset - ANSWER20-60min
Unfractionated heparin SQ peak - ANSWER2hr
Unfractionated heparin SQ duration - ANSWER8-12 hr
Unfractionated heparin SQ half life - ANSWERdose-related
Parenteral anticoagulants prevent the formation of which product as the final step of
clotting - ANSWERFibrin
Fibrin is the final product during the clotting cascade. Anticoagulants prevent the
conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin during the final step of clotting.
Which time frame describes the onset of action for intravenous (IV) heparin? -
ANSWERimmediate
The onset of action for IV heparin is immediate.
By which route is unfractionated heparin primarily excreted? - ANSWERurine
Pre-Administration Assessment for Unfractionated Heparin: determine baseline data
- ANSWERAsk the patient for a complete list of current drugs. This should include
herbals and over-the-counter products.
Assess history of bleeding problems.
Perform a full physical assessment. Be especially aware of the presence of bleeding
or bruising.
Obtain baseline laboratory values, including a complete blood count and coagulation
profile.
Assess for pregnancy, recent birth, miscarriage, or abortion.
Assess for allergic responses, including to medications, foods, and dyes.
Pre-Administration Assessment for Unfractionated Heparin: identify high-risk
patients - ANSWERPatients with poor renal function may not be able to excrete
heparin, and it is not dialyzable.
Patients with low platelet levels may be at risk for bleeding. Baseline platelet count
should be obtained before initiating therapy with heparin.
Nurses should be familiar with contraindications for heparin therapy.
Anticoagulants are administered to prevent - ANSWERthe blood from clotting while
avoiding unnecessary bleeding. Patients will need to be closely monitored, especially
with IV administration. Baseline data are essential before administration of heparin
because many factors can influence the therapeutic range. Before heparin
administration, the nurse should be aware of the antidote, protamine sulfate, and
ensure that the antidote is readily available.
Heparin therapy should not be used in the following situations: - ANSWERIn the
presence of uncontrollable bleeding
Hemorrhagic CVA
Final Exams (Latest 2024/ 2025 Updates STUDY
BUNDLE PACKAGE WITH SOLUTIONS) Medical Dosage
Calculations and Pharmacology |Qs & As| 100%
Correct| Grade A (Verified Answers)
Anticoagulants interfere with the - ANSWERclotting cascade by different actions and
routes. Unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), and
fondaparinux prevent the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, the final step in clotting.
They are administered parenterally. Unfractionated heparin (usually referred to as
"heparin") can be given intravenously (IV) or subcutaneously (SQ). LMWH and
fondaparinux are given SQ. This lesson will focus on unfractionated heparin as the
prototype drug.
Pharmacokinetics of Unfractionated Heparin: absorption - ANSWERPoorly absorbed
through the gastrointestinal tract
Pharmacokinetics of Unfractionated Heparin: distribution - ANSWERMore than 80%
bound nonspecifically to plasma proteins
Pharmacokinetics of Unfractionated Heparin: metabolism - ANSWERMetabolized by
heparinase, a liver enzyme
Pharmacokinetics of Unfractionated Heparin: excretion - ANSWERExcreted primarily
by the kidneys
Heparin binds with - ANSWERantithrombin III to inactivate thrombin, which then
inhibits the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Fibrin is the final step to the formation
of a clot.
Therapeutic use of unfractionated heparin - ANSWERis used in patients at risk for
blood clots, which include those with valvular heart disease, atrial fibrillation/flutter,
and hypercoagulable hematology disorders. Others at risk include persons with
venous or arterial vascular disorders, such as deep vein thrombosis, embolic
cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), or myocardial infarctions.
Unfractionated heparin IV onset - ANSWERimmediate
Unfractionated heparin IV peak - ANSWER5-10 min
Unfractionated heparin IV duration - ANSWER2-6 hr
Unfractionated heparin IV half life - ANSWERDose-related
, Unfractionated heparin SQ onset - ANSWER20-60min
Unfractionated heparin SQ peak - ANSWER2hr
Unfractionated heparin SQ duration - ANSWER8-12 hr
Unfractionated heparin SQ half life - ANSWERdose-related
Parenteral anticoagulants prevent the formation of which product as the final step of
clotting - ANSWERFibrin
Fibrin is the final product during the clotting cascade. Anticoagulants prevent the
conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin during the final step of clotting.
Which time frame describes the onset of action for intravenous (IV) heparin? -
ANSWERimmediate
The onset of action for IV heparin is immediate.
By which route is unfractionated heparin primarily excreted? - ANSWERurine
Pre-Administration Assessment for Unfractionated Heparin: determine baseline data
- ANSWERAsk the patient for a complete list of current drugs. This should include
herbals and over-the-counter products.
Assess history of bleeding problems.
Perform a full physical assessment. Be especially aware of the presence of bleeding
or bruising.
Obtain baseline laboratory values, including a complete blood count and coagulation
profile.
Assess for pregnancy, recent birth, miscarriage, or abortion.
Assess for allergic responses, including to medications, foods, and dyes.
Pre-Administration Assessment for Unfractionated Heparin: identify high-risk
patients - ANSWERPatients with poor renal function may not be able to excrete
heparin, and it is not dialyzable.
Patients with low platelet levels may be at risk for bleeding. Baseline platelet count
should be obtained before initiating therapy with heparin.
Nurses should be familiar with contraindications for heparin therapy.
Anticoagulants are administered to prevent - ANSWERthe blood from clotting while
avoiding unnecessary bleeding. Patients will need to be closely monitored, especially
with IV administration. Baseline data are essential before administration of heparin
because many factors can influence the therapeutic range. Before heparin
administration, the nurse should be aware of the antidote, protamine sulfate, and
ensure that the antidote is readily available.
Heparin therapy should not be used in the following situations: - ANSWERIn the
presence of uncontrollable bleeding
Hemorrhagic CVA
