Exam 3 & Exam 4: NURS 5463 (Latest 2024/ 2025
Updates STUDY BUNDLE PACKAGE WITH SOLUTIONS)
Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade
A- UTA
CP - Cardiac Differential - ANSWERMI
Aortic Dissection
Valvular Disease
Pericarditis
Myocarditis
Angina
Coronary spasm
CP - Pulmonary Differential - ANSWERPE
Pneumothorax
Pneumonia
Pleurisy
CA
Sarcoidosis
CP - Other Differential - ANSWERPUD
Pancreatitis
Gastritis
GERD
Biliary disease
Herpes Zoster
Mediastinitis
Musculoskeletal injuries
MI CP - ANSWERTightness, pressure, radiating (w/ N/V, SOB and diaphoresis)
Aortic Dissection CP - ANSWERsudden onset of excruitating pain usually beginning in
the anterior chest, radiating to the back and moves downward as dissection
progresses
may be confused with a MI
seen mainly in man 4-60 years with HTN and younger patients with Marfan's
Pericardial CP - ANSWERSharp, stabbing, left chest, better when getting up or sitting
forward, worse w/ lying supine
Pleuritic CP - ANSWERSharp pain with inspiration
Also seen in Pneumonia and PE
, HPI CP - ANSWEROnse
Assoc factors
alleviating/worsening factors
quality
sevrity
radiating
timing
recent sx?
forceful emesis?
recent infection?
family hx?
D-Dimer - ANSWERGood to rule out, bad to rule in
can be elevated in other processes (Sepsis, ESRD)
CP Diagnosistics/Work up - ANSWEREKG
Labs (CBC, CMP, Amy, Lip, Trop Q6H, CK, CKMB, Dimer)
Imaging (CXR, CTA, Echo, stress test)
CP Geriatric Considerations - ANSWERAlways suspect AMI first, watch for atypical s/s
("CP" less likely)
STEMI - ANSWER>1mm elevation in 2 contiguous leads or new LBBB
diffuse ST elevation can be pericarditis
Dyspnea - ANSWERsubjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of
qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity (symptom, not a disease state)
5 Mechanisms that cause Hypoxia - ANSWER1. Hypoventilation - CNS depression,
Narcotics, Chest wall disorders, obesisity {Normal A-A, Increased CO2, corrects w/
O2}
2. VQ mismatch (most common) - PE, COPD, Asthma, pneumonia {High A-A, corrects
with O2}
3. Shunts - AV malformation, pneumonia, ARDS, Atelectasis (O2 does not help)
4. Diffusion Impairment - pulm fibrosis, PCP pneumonia, emphysema {corrects w/
O2}
5. Reduced inspired oxygen - High altitude {corrects w/ O2}
A-A Gradient - ANSWERDifference in partial pressure of oxygen between alveoli &
arterial blood (PAO2 - PaO2)
1. Always + because it flows high to low pressure
2. Typically 10, but ranges 5-20
3. Increases with age
4. Should be (Age/4)+4
5. Helps diagnose the SOURCE of HYPOXIA
High A-A Gradient - ANSWER>20
Updates STUDY BUNDLE PACKAGE WITH SOLUTIONS)
Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade
A- UTA
CP - Cardiac Differential - ANSWERMI
Aortic Dissection
Valvular Disease
Pericarditis
Myocarditis
Angina
Coronary spasm
CP - Pulmonary Differential - ANSWERPE
Pneumothorax
Pneumonia
Pleurisy
CA
Sarcoidosis
CP - Other Differential - ANSWERPUD
Pancreatitis
Gastritis
GERD
Biliary disease
Herpes Zoster
Mediastinitis
Musculoskeletal injuries
MI CP - ANSWERTightness, pressure, radiating (w/ N/V, SOB and diaphoresis)
Aortic Dissection CP - ANSWERsudden onset of excruitating pain usually beginning in
the anterior chest, radiating to the back and moves downward as dissection
progresses
may be confused with a MI
seen mainly in man 4-60 years with HTN and younger patients with Marfan's
Pericardial CP - ANSWERSharp, stabbing, left chest, better when getting up or sitting
forward, worse w/ lying supine
Pleuritic CP - ANSWERSharp pain with inspiration
Also seen in Pneumonia and PE
, HPI CP - ANSWEROnse
Assoc factors
alleviating/worsening factors
quality
sevrity
radiating
timing
recent sx?
forceful emesis?
recent infection?
family hx?
D-Dimer - ANSWERGood to rule out, bad to rule in
can be elevated in other processes (Sepsis, ESRD)
CP Diagnosistics/Work up - ANSWEREKG
Labs (CBC, CMP, Amy, Lip, Trop Q6H, CK, CKMB, Dimer)
Imaging (CXR, CTA, Echo, stress test)
CP Geriatric Considerations - ANSWERAlways suspect AMI first, watch for atypical s/s
("CP" less likely)
STEMI - ANSWER>1mm elevation in 2 contiguous leads or new LBBB
diffuse ST elevation can be pericarditis
Dyspnea - ANSWERsubjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of
qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity (symptom, not a disease state)
5 Mechanisms that cause Hypoxia - ANSWER1. Hypoventilation - CNS depression,
Narcotics, Chest wall disorders, obesisity {Normal A-A, Increased CO2, corrects w/
O2}
2. VQ mismatch (most common) - PE, COPD, Asthma, pneumonia {High A-A, corrects
with O2}
3. Shunts - AV malformation, pneumonia, ARDS, Atelectasis (O2 does not help)
4. Diffusion Impairment - pulm fibrosis, PCP pneumonia, emphysema {corrects w/
O2}
5. Reduced inspired oxygen - High altitude {corrects w/ O2}
A-A Gradient - ANSWERDifference in partial pressure of oxygen between alveoli &
arterial blood (PAO2 - PaO2)
1. Always + because it flows high to low pressure
2. Typically 10, but ranges 5-20
3. Increases with age
4. Should be (Age/4)+4
5. Helps diagnose the SOURCE of HYPOXIA
High A-A Gradient - ANSWER>20
