MN 553 PHARMACOLOGY FINAL
EXAM REVIEW 2024/2025 WITH
Q&A
adult community-acquired pneumonia: TX
- CORRECT ANSWER •healthy adults, no risk fox
-macrolide (level I evidence) (azithromycin and clarithromycin, erythromycin)
-doxycycline, if allergic
-treatment for a min of 5 days
Antimicrobials
- CORRECT ANSWER •tetracycline: no antacids
•minocycline: MT for HA
•tab TX: Folic acid supplement
• azithromycin: prolonged QT
•fluoroquinolones: no longer 1st line UTI
T
B - CORRECT ANSWER •active TB
-follow with monthly sputum
-goal is to complete TX
•LTBI
-important to treat
-3,4,6 month
syphilis
- CORRECT ANSWER •screen high risk pts and all prig women
•increasing incidence
•parenteral pen G is the drug of choice
-if pt. is penicillin allergic, treat with 14 days of doxycycline or tetracycline
Gonorrhea
- CORRECT ANSWER •often co infection with chlamydia, TX for both
•screen
•ceftriaxone 500mg IM one time is drug of choice
-may use cefixime 400mg PO one time
•gonorrhea is resistance to fluoroquinolones
•treat partners
•repeat screening of women 3-6 MThs after treatment
, Chlamydia
- CORRECT ANSWER •all sexually active women younger than 25yrs should be
screened annually
•all women with new or multiple sex partners need to be screened
•TX: azithromycin 1g PO one time or doxycycline 100mg 2x daily for 7 days
UTI pharmacodynamics
- CORRECT ANSWER •wide range of antibiotics treat UTIs
-TMP/sums, nitrofurantoin, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporin’s, and penicillin’s
•cranberry: may exert a bacteriostatic effect by inhibiting the adherence of organisms to
bladder mucosa
•urinary analgesic: phenazopyridine
•3-day regimen appropriate for young healthy female
treatment: heart failure
- CORRECT ANSWER •stage A
-aces are drug of choice
-ARBs are considered but more $
-evil for thyroid dysfunction
•stage B
-ACEI in all pts, ARB for those who cannot tolerate an ACEI
-BBs in most
•stage c
-ACEI and BBs (nonselective) in all pts
-diuretics, digoxin
-spironolactone
•stage D
-sacubitril/valsartan (entrust) in lieu of ACE or ARB
-inotropes: dobutamine
-ventricular assist device, transplantation, hospice
ACEIs use
- CORRECT ANSWER •not as effective in blacks
-when combined with a diuretic, race not an issue
•however, 3-4x greater risk of angioedema in blacks and Asians
•ADRs: dry cough, (bradykinin-mediated), hypotension, loss of taste, angioedema,
blood dyscrasias, teratogenicity, hyperkalemia, acute renal failure, cholesteric jaundice,
pancreatitis, rash
beta adrenergic blockers
- CORRECT ANSWER •more effective in black and older pts
•BB my not be abruptly withdrawn, because it will increase beta receptor sensitivity
•no longer 1st line HTN drug choice
•impacts vast smooth musk tone
Hyperlipidemia
EXAM REVIEW 2024/2025 WITH
Q&A
adult community-acquired pneumonia: TX
- CORRECT ANSWER •healthy adults, no risk fox
-macrolide (level I evidence) (azithromycin and clarithromycin, erythromycin)
-doxycycline, if allergic
-treatment for a min of 5 days
Antimicrobials
- CORRECT ANSWER •tetracycline: no antacids
•minocycline: MT for HA
•tab TX: Folic acid supplement
• azithromycin: prolonged QT
•fluoroquinolones: no longer 1st line UTI
T
B - CORRECT ANSWER •active TB
-follow with monthly sputum
-goal is to complete TX
•LTBI
-important to treat
-3,4,6 month
syphilis
- CORRECT ANSWER •screen high risk pts and all prig women
•increasing incidence
•parenteral pen G is the drug of choice
-if pt. is penicillin allergic, treat with 14 days of doxycycline or tetracycline
Gonorrhea
- CORRECT ANSWER •often co infection with chlamydia, TX for both
•screen
•ceftriaxone 500mg IM one time is drug of choice
-may use cefixime 400mg PO one time
•gonorrhea is resistance to fluoroquinolones
•treat partners
•repeat screening of women 3-6 MThs after treatment
, Chlamydia
- CORRECT ANSWER •all sexually active women younger than 25yrs should be
screened annually
•all women with new or multiple sex partners need to be screened
•TX: azithromycin 1g PO one time or doxycycline 100mg 2x daily for 7 days
UTI pharmacodynamics
- CORRECT ANSWER •wide range of antibiotics treat UTIs
-TMP/sums, nitrofurantoin, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporin’s, and penicillin’s
•cranberry: may exert a bacteriostatic effect by inhibiting the adherence of organisms to
bladder mucosa
•urinary analgesic: phenazopyridine
•3-day regimen appropriate for young healthy female
treatment: heart failure
- CORRECT ANSWER •stage A
-aces are drug of choice
-ARBs are considered but more $
-evil for thyroid dysfunction
•stage B
-ACEI in all pts, ARB for those who cannot tolerate an ACEI
-BBs in most
•stage c
-ACEI and BBs (nonselective) in all pts
-diuretics, digoxin
-spironolactone
•stage D
-sacubitril/valsartan (entrust) in lieu of ACE or ARB
-inotropes: dobutamine
-ventricular assist device, transplantation, hospice
ACEIs use
- CORRECT ANSWER •not as effective in blacks
-when combined with a diuretic, race not an issue
•however, 3-4x greater risk of angioedema in blacks and Asians
•ADRs: dry cough, (bradykinin-mediated), hypotension, loss of taste, angioedema,
blood dyscrasias, teratogenicity, hyperkalemia, acute renal failure, cholesteric jaundice,
pancreatitis, rash
beta adrenergic blockers
- CORRECT ANSWER •more effective in black and older pts
•BB my not be abruptly withdrawn, because it will increase beta receptor sensitivity
•no longer 1st line HTN drug choice
•impacts vast smooth musk tone
Hyperlipidemia
