©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
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PN105 Session 7 (Cardiovascular system)
Exam Questions With Verified And Updated
Answers
Blood - answer✔Connective tissue made of plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
Formed elements - answer✔red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, which together
make up 45% of blood volume.
Buffy coat - answer✔A thin light colored layer of white blood cells and platelets than lie
between a top layer of plasma and red blood cells
Plasma - answer✔Fluid portion of blood which make up 55% of blood volume.
Hematopoiesis - answer✔Formation of blood cells.
Myeloid tissue - answer✔Tissue in the bone marrow in which the various classes of blood cells
are produced except lymphocytes. Found mostly in the sternum, ribs and hips.
Lymphoid tissue - answer✔Tissue composed of lymphocytes supported by a meshwork of
connective tissue; includes tonsillar tissue, lymph nodes, and lymphatic organs.
Erythrocyte - answer✔A mature red blood cell. It has a unique shape of a biconcave disc and
transports oxygen and carbon dioxide. These types of cells have a lifespan of 80-120 days.
Oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) - answer✔Hemoglobin combined with oxygen.
Carbaminohemoglobin (HbCO2) - answer✔The compound formed by the union of carbon
dioxide with hemoglobin.
Neutrophil - answer✔A type of white blood cell that engulfs invading microbes and contributes
to the nonspecific defenses of the body against disease.
Eosinophil - answer✔White blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with
allergic reactions due to high concentrations present during long term reactions. However, it's
specifically defence against parasites.
1|Page
, ©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Basophil - answer✔White blood cell containing granules that stain blue; associated with release
of histamine and heparin, inflammatory response.
B lymphocytes (B cells) - answer✔Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and secretes
antibodies.
T lymphocytes (T cells) - answer✔Lymphocyte that matures in the thymus and acts directly
against antigens in cell-mediated immune responses.
Monocytes - answer✔An agranular leukocyte/phagocyte that is able to migrate into tissues and
transform into a macrophage.
Platelet - answer✔Small blood fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting
process.
Complete blood count (CBC) - answer✔Comprehensive blood test that includes red blood cell
count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), white blood
cell differential, and platelet count.
Hemocrit (Hct) - answer✔Volume of RBC's (in ml) of packed red blood cells per 100ml of blood
Normal value: Adult male 40-54%;
female 36-46%
Hemoglobin (Hb) molecule - answer✔Consists of two alpha and beta polypeptide chains and
iron-containing heme groups.
Hemorrhagic anemia - answer✔Excessive blood loss anemia.
Aplastic anemia - answer✔Characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements caused by
the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow.
Pernicious anemia (PA) - answer✔Anemia resulting when digestive system absorbs insufficient
amount of vitamin B12; vitamin B12 is necessary for erythrocyte production.
Iron deficiency anemia - answer✔Anemia resulting when there is not enough iron to build
hemoglobin for red blood cells.
Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) - answer✔An inherited disease in which a genetic defect in the
hemoglobin results in abnormal structure of the red blood cells.
Polycythemia - answer✔A disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red
blood cells in the blood.
Centrifuge - answer✔Machine that separates substances by density.
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
PN105 Session 7 (Cardiovascular system)
Exam Questions With Verified And Updated
Answers
Blood - answer✔Connective tissue made of plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
Formed elements - answer✔red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, which together
make up 45% of blood volume.
Buffy coat - answer✔A thin light colored layer of white blood cells and platelets than lie
between a top layer of plasma and red blood cells
Plasma - answer✔Fluid portion of blood which make up 55% of blood volume.
Hematopoiesis - answer✔Formation of blood cells.
Myeloid tissue - answer✔Tissue in the bone marrow in which the various classes of blood cells
are produced except lymphocytes. Found mostly in the sternum, ribs and hips.
Lymphoid tissue - answer✔Tissue composed of lymphocytes supported by a meshwork of
connective tissue; includes tonsillar tissue, lymph nodes, and lymphatic organs.
Erythrocyte - answer✔A mature red blood cell. It has a unique shape of a biconcave disc and
transports oxygen and carbon dioxide. These types of cells have a lifespan of 80-120 days.
Oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) - answer✔Hemoglobin combined with oxygen.
Carbaminohemoglobin (HbCO2) - answer✔The compound formed by the union of carbon
dioxide with hemoglobin.
Neutrophil - answer✔A type of white blood cell that engulfs invading microbes and contributes
to the nonspecific defenses of the body against disease.
Eosinophil - answer✔White blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with
allergic reactions due to high concentrations present during long term reactions. However, it's
specifically defence against parasites.
1|Page
, ©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Basophil - answer✔White blood cell containing granules that stain blue; associated with release
of histamine and heparin, inflammatory response.
B lymphocytes (B cells) - answer✔Lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and secretes
antibodies.
T lymphocytes (T cells) - answer✔Lymphocyte that matures in the thymus and acts directly
against antigens in cell-mediated immune responses.
Monocytes - answer✔An agranular leukocyte/phagocyte that is able to migrate into tissues and
transform into a macrophage.
Platelet - answer✔Small blood fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting
process.
Complete blood count (CBC) - answer✔Comprehensive blood test that includes red blood cell
count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), white blood
cell differential, and platelet count.
Hemocrit (Hct) - answer✔Volume of RBC's (in ml) of packed red blood cells per 100ml of blood
Normal value: Adult male 40-54%;
female 36-46%
Hemoglobin (Hb) molecule - answer✔Consists of two alpha and beta polypeptide chains and
iron-containing heme groups.
Hemorrhagic anemia - answer✔Excessive blood loss anemia.
Aplastic anemia - answer✔Characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements caused by
the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow.
Pernicious anemia (PA) - answer✔Anemia resulting when digestive system absorbs insufficient
amount of vitamin B12; vitamin B12 is necessary for erythrocyte production.
Iron deficiency anemia - answer✔Anemia resulting when there is not enough iron to build
hemoglobin for red blood cells.
Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) - answer✔An inherited disease in which a genetic defect in the
hemoglobin results in abnormal structure of the red blood cells.
Polycythemia - answer✔A disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red
blood cells in the blood.
Centrifuge - answer✔Machine that separates substances by density.
2|Page
