COB 191 final exam questions &
answers 2024/2025
qualitative data - ANSWERSdescriptive terms
quantitative data - ANSWERSdescribed by numeric values
qualitative data classifications - ANSWERSnominal and ordinal
quantitative data classifications - ANSWERSinterval and ratio
nominal - ANSWERSclassifies data into distinct basic levels with no ranking implied
ordinal - ANSWERSclassifies data into distinct basic levels where ranking is implied
interval - ANSWERSdata can be meaningfully measured but has no true zero point
ratio - ANSWERSdata can be meaningfully measured and has a true zero point
primary data - ANSWERScollected by you directly
secondary data - ANSWERScollected and published by someone else
discrete data - ANSWERSfinite number range or countable number
examples of discrete data - ANSWERSmoney, number of children in a house, temperature
, continuous data - ANSWERSinfinite number, obtained by measuring, many decimal points
examples of continuous data - ANSWERSweight, height
descriptive statistics - ANSWERScollecting, summarizing, and displaying data; factual representation of
sample information
inferential statistics - ANSWERSmaking claims or conclusions about the population based on sample
results
simple random sampling - ANSWERSevery member of the population has an equal chance of being
chosen
systematic sampling - ANSWERStake every kth member as part of the sample, where k=N/n
stratified random sampling - ANSWERSpopulation is divided into strata and participants randomly
selected from each stratum (subset of the population that shares a particular meaningful characteristic)
cluster sampling - ANSWERSclusters are based on naturally occurring groups (like patients in a hospital)
and participants are selected from those groups
convenience sampling - ANSWERSused whenever participants are readily available
measurement error - ANSWERSpeople provide incorrect data in survey
coverage error - ANSWERSoccurs when the sampling frame excludes some segments of the target
population
nonresponse bias - ANSWERSpeople who do not respond may be different from the people who do
respond
answers 2024/2025
qualitative data - ANSWERSdescriptive terms
quantitative data - ANSWERSdescribed by numeric values
qualitative data classifications - ANSWERSnominal and ordinal
quantitative data classifications - ANSWERSinterval and ratio
nominal - ANSWERSclassifies data into distinct basic levels with no ranking implied
ordinal - ANSWERSclassifies data into distinct basic levels where ranking is implied
interval - ANSWERSdata can be meaningfully measured but has no true zero point
ratio - ANSWERSdata can be meaningfully measured and has a true zero point
primary data - ANSWERScollected by you directly
secondary data - ANSWERScollected and published by someone else
discrete data - ANSWERSfinite number range or countable number
examples of discrete data - ANSWERSmoney, number of children in a house, temperature
, continuous data - ANSWERSinfinite number, obtained by measuring, many decimal points
examples of continuous data - ANSWERSweight, height
descriptive statistics - ANSWERScollecting, summarizing, and displaying data; factual representation of
sample information
inferential statistics - ANSWERSmaking claims or conclusions about the population based on sample
results
simple random sampling - ANSWERSevery member of the population has an equal chance of being
chosen
systematic sampling - ANSWERStake every kth member as part of the sample, where k=N/n
stratified random sampling - ANSWERSpopulation is divided into strata and participants randomly
selected from each stratum (subset of the population that shares a particular meaningful characteristic)
cluster sampling - ANSWERSclusters are based on naturally occurring groups (like patients in a hospital)
and participants are selected from those groups
convenience sampling - ANSWERSused whenever participants are readily available
measurement error - ANSWERSpeople provide incorrect data in survey
coverage error - ANSWERSoccurs when the sampling frame excludes some segments of the target
population
nonresponse bias - ANSWERSpeople who do not respond may be different from the people who do
respond
