Climate Change Test 3 Questions And Accurate Answers
100% Verified Latest Update
Why do the effects of climate change to freshwaters systems have very large
consequences for biodiversity and human endeavors? - ANSWER Freshwater harbor
many species 41% of all fish. The provision of water for human consumption and use
constitutes a huge set of ecosystem services provided by lakes and rivers, which leads
to extinction rates being very high in freshwater systems 3-4x that of their terrestrial
counterparts.
Why are the existence and physical characteristics of freshwater systems very
vulnerable to climate change? - ANSWER Freshwater systems are dependent upon the
balance of precipitation and evaporation, making climate a fundamental determinant of
their longevity
What types of information from lakes can be used to understand past climates? -
ANSWER Lakes preserve fossil microorganisms that can be used to infer past climates.
Larger organisms preserve worse, but in lakes special events lead to treasure troves of
fossils.
The sediments in lakes provide info about past climate. These can show times of
drought or increased precipitation
Mega-droughts
Mega Droughts - ANSWER One of the most significant discoveries of lake records;
Droughts that last from decades into centuries which carry extreme conditions to
widespread areas
These have been experienced at Lake Naivasha in Kenya, Lake Titicaca in Bolivia, and
Mono Lake in CA, and Moon Lake in n. Great Plains
,Summarise here the value of lakes as a source of proxy information on past climates.
ANSWER On long timescales, they yield information on regional climatic changes,
teleconnections, rapid CC and drivers of climate cycles. Isotopic and lake level indices
play an important role in most of these studies whereas some unique
features-pronounced stratigraphy-are crucial in few
For providing information about past climates, compare the advantage of using lakes
over glacial ice. - ANSWER Lakes can show regional temperature and especially rainfall
changes. They can also follow more complex patterns. Also they can show El Niño
events. They show changes in their own physical and biological changes but also in
changes in regional climate and vegetation, interregional synchrony, global magnitude,
cycles, and speed of change. They have a much greater geographic coverage
Like in the Andes, a lake in one area could show completely different findings than a
lake in another area.
What is one key disadvantage of using lakes to assess past climate? - ANSWER They are
incomplete
Generally, what kinds of changes do freshwater systems show in response to climate
change? - ANSWER Alterations in streamflow and temperature (changes in H2O flowing
out of stream)
Watershed Fragmentation and capture-whole area drained by a given stream network;
fragmentation Lake Drying and filling Lake thermal donation and mixing changes
How will changes in stream flow come about as a result of climate change? ANSWER
Result when precipitation and evapotranspiration vary. Climate change exacerbates
both drought periods and intensive storm periods. It increases with increased
precipitation. It affects snowmelt in that it will be earlier as temperatures increase,
resulting in early season peaks followed by late season flows that are reduced relative
to current conditions
How does stream temperature vary with climate change? - ANWER air temperature;
shallower the stream the more rapid the response of stream temperature to
temperature changes. Most streams are shallow and short.
, Mountain streams support a cold adapted unique species, which could see MAJOR
warming impacts
Epilimnion - ANWER Mixing zone; well oxygenated and biologically productive due to
inputs of sunlight to allow photosynthesis
Hypolimnion - ANSWER Nonmixed zone; Virtually excluded from interactions with
atmosphere during stratification, production is limited and heterotrophic processes
dominate
It can act as a cold water habitat for certain organisms
What separated hypolimnion and epilimnion? - ANSWER Thermocline
What climate influences can alter the stratification regime of a given lake? - ANSWER
Any variances in temperature that affect seasonality and temperature
Lakes do this based upon time of year. Winter stratification is upside down as warmer
water is at the bottom
Can freshwater species adapt metabolically to climate change? Explain. - ANSWER Not
really because they are all cold blooded
Monomictic lakes - ANSWER Lakes that mix once a year
Dimictic - ANSWER Lakes that stratify in both summer and winter & fall and spring
Meromictic Lakes - ANSWER Never completely mix, common in tropics
Oligomictic Lakes - ANSWER found in lowlands and tropics; mix irregularly usually due
to storm events/extreme weather
100% Verified Latest Update
Why do the effects of climate change to freshwaters systems have very large
consequences for biodiversity and human endeavors? - ANSWER Freshwater harbor
many species 41% of all fish. The provision of water for human consumption and use
constitutes a huge set of ecosystem services provided by lakes and rivers, which leads
to extinction rates being very high in freshwater systems 3-4x that of their terrestrial
counterparts.
Why are the existence and physical characteristics of freshwater systems very
vulnerable to climate change? - ANSWER Freshwater systems are dependent upon the
balance of precipitation and evaporation, making climate a fundamental determinant of
their longevity
What types of information from lakes can be used to understand past climates? -
ANSWER Lakes preserve fossil microorganisms that can be used to infer past climates.
Larger organisms preserve worse, but in lakes special events lead to treasure troves of
fossils.
The sediments in lakes provide info about past climate. These can show times of
drought or increased precipitation
Mega-droughts
Mega Droughts - ANSWER One of the most significant discoveries of lake records;
Droughts that last from decades into centuries which carry extreme conditions to
widespread areas
These have been experienced at Lake Naivasha in Kenya, Lake Titicaca in Bolivia, and
Mono Lake in CA, and Moon Lake in n. Great Plains
,Summarise here the value of lakes as a source of proxy information on past climates.
ANSWER On long timescales, they yield information on regional climatic changes,
teleconnections, rapid CC and drivers of climate cycles. Isotopic and lake level indices
play an important role in most of these studies whereas some unique
features-pronounced stratigraphy-are crucial in few
For providing information about past climates, compare the advantage of using lakes
over glacial ice. - ANSWER Lakes can show regional temperature and especially rainfall
changes. They can also follow more complex patterns. Also they can show El Niño
events. They show changes in their own physical and biological changes but also in
changes in regional climate and vegetation, interregional synchrony, global magnitude,
cycles, and speed of change. They have a much greater geographic coverage
Like in the Andes, a lake in one area could show completely different findings than a
lake in another area.
What is one key disadvantage of using lakes to assess past climate? - ANSWER They are
incomplete
Generally, what kinds of changes do freshwater systems show in response to climate
change? - ANSWER Alterations in streamflow and temperature (changes in H2O flowing
out of stream)
Watershed Fragmentation and capture-whole area drained by a given stream network;
fragmentation Lake Drying and filling Lake thermal donation and mixing changes
How will changes in stream flow come about as a result of climate change? ANSWER
Result when precipitation and evapotranspiration vary. Climate change exacerbates
both drought periods and intensive storm periods. It increases with increased
precipitation. It affects snowmelt in that it will be earlier as temperatures increase,
resulting in early season peaks followed by late season flows that are reduced relative
to current conditions
How does stream temperature vary with climate change? - ANWER air temperature;
shallower the stream the more rapid the response of stream temperature to
temperature changes. Most streams are shallow and short.
, Mountain streams support a cold adapted unique species, which could see MAJOR
warming impacts
Epilimnion - ANWER Mixing zone; well oxygenated and biologically productive due to
inputs of sunlight to allow photosynthesis
Hypolimnion - ANSWER Nonmixed zone; Virtually excluded from interactions with
atmosphere during stratification, production is limited and heterotrophic processes
dominate
It can act as a cold water habitat for certain organisms
What separated hypolimnion and epilimnion? - ANSWER Thermocline
What climate influences can alter the stratification regime of a given lake? - ANSWER
Any variances in temperature that affect seasonality and temperature
Lakes do this based upon time of year. Winter stratification is upside down as warmer
water is at the bottom
Can freshwater species adapt metabolically to climate change? Explain. - ANSWER Not
really because they are all cold blooded
Monomictic lakes - ANSWER Lakes that mix once a year
Dimictic - ANSWER Lakes that stratify in both summer and winter & fall and spring
Meromictic Lakes - ANSWER Never completely mix, common in tropics
Oligomictic Lakes - ANSWER found in lowlands and tropics; mix irregularly usually due
to storm events/extreme weather
