C228 – WGU questions with complete
solutions
Community health nurses - correct answer ✔✔promote the health and welfare of clients across the
lifespan and from diverse populations.
Nightingale's Theory of Environment - correct answer ✔✔›› the relationship between an individual's
environment and health
›› Depicts health as a continuum
›› Emphasizes preventive care
Health Belief Model - correct answer ✔✔›› to predict or explain health behaviors
›› preventive health behaviors are taken primarily for the purpose of avoiding disease
›› Emphasizes change at the individual level
›› Describes the likelihood of taking an action to avoid disease based on:
»»Perceived susceptibility, seriousness, and threat of a disease
»»Modifying factors (e.g., demographics, knowledge level)
»»Cues to action (e.g., media campaigns, disease impact on family/friends, recommendations from
health care professionals)
»»Perceived benefits minus perceived barriers to taking action
Milio's Framework for Prevention - correct answer ✔✔›› Complements the health belief model
›› Emphasizes change at the community level
›› Identifies relationship between health deficits and availability of health-promoting resources
›› Theorizes that behavior changes within a large number of people can ultimately lead to social change
A community - correct answer ✔✔a group of people and institutions that share geographic, civic, and/or
social parameters.
,Health indicators - correct answer ✔✔*mortality rates, disease prevalence, levels of physical activity,
obesity, tobacco use, substance use
*used to describe the health status of a community and serve as targets for the improvement of a
community's health.
population-focused nursing - correct answer ✔✔Assessing to determine needs and intervening to
protect and promote health, and preventing disease within a specific population
Community-Based Nursing - correct answer ✔✔Focus of Care: Individuals & Families
Nursing Activities: Illness care: where individuals, families, and groups live, work, and "attend" (schools,
camps, prisons)
Community-Oriented Nursing - correct answer ✔✔Focus of Care: At-risk individuals, families, groups, &
Community
Nursing Activities: Health care: Determining health needs to improve the collective health of the
community
Community Health Nursing Practice - correct answer ✔✔Nursing Activities: Promote, preserve, and
maintain the health of populations by the delivery of health services to individuals, families, and groups
in order to impact "community health."
Public Health Nursing Practice - correct answer ✔✔Nursing Activities: Promote, preserve, and maintain
the health of populations through disease and disability prevention and health protection of the
community as a whole.
Respect for Autonomy - correct answer ✔✔ex: Respecting a client's right to self-determination (making a
decision not to pursue chemotherapy)
Nonmaleficence - correct answer ✔✔ex: Developing plans of care that include a system for monitoring
and evaluating outcomes
Beneficence - correct answer ✔✔ex: Assessing risks and benefits when planning interventions
,Distributive Justice - correct answer ✔✔Determining eligibility for health care services based on income
and fiscal resources
Epidemiology - correct answer ✔✔*study of health-related trends in populations for the purposes of
disease prevention, health maintenance, and health protection.
*relies on statistical evidence to determine the rate of spread of disease and the proportion of people
affected.
*used to evaluate the effectiveness of disease prevention and
health promotion and to determine which goals have been met.
epidemiological triangle - correct answer ✔✔study of the relationships among an agent, a host, and an
environment
web of causality - correct answer ✔✔increases or decreases the risk for disease
agent - correct answer ✔✔*animate or inanimate object that causes the disease
*Chemical
*Physical
*Infectious
host - correct answer ✔✔the living being that is affected by the agent.
environment - correct answer ✔✔*the setting or surrounding that sustains the host.
*Physical
*Social
Behavioral theory - correct answer ✔✔Use of reinforcement methods to change learners' behaviors.
Cognitive theory - correct answer ✔✔Use of sensory input and repetition to change learners' patterns of
thought, thereby changing behaviors.
, Susceptible Host - correct answer ✔✔Age
Gender
Genetics
Ethicity
Immunological Status
Physiological State
Occupation
Critical theory - correct answer ✔✔Use of ongoing discussion and inquiry to increase learners' depth of
knowledge, thereby changing thinking and behaviors.
Chemical Agents - correct answer ✔✔Drugs
Toxins
Developmental theory - correct answer ✔✔Use of techniques specific to learners' developmental stages
to determine readiness to learn, and to impart knowledge.
Physical Agents - correct answer ✔✔Noise
Temp.
Humanistic theory - correct answer ✔✔Assists learners to grow by emphasizing emotions and
relationships and believing that free choice will prompt actions that are in their own best interest.
Infectious Agent - correct answer ✔✔Viruses
Bacteria
Social learning theory - correct answer ✔✔Links information to beliefs and values to change or shift the
learners' expectations.
solutions
Community health nurses - correct answer ✔✔promote the health and welfare of clients across the
lifespan and from diverse populations.
Nightingale's Theory of Environment - correct answer ✔✔›› the relationship between an individual's
environment and health
›› Depicts health as a continuum
›› Emphasizes preventive care
Health Belief Model - correct answer ✔✔›› to predict or explain health behaviors
›› preventive health behaviors are taken primarily for the purpose of avoiding disease
›› Emphasizes change at the individual level
›› Describes the likelihood of taking an action to avoid disease based on:
»»Perceived susceptibility, seriousness, and threat of a disease
»»Modifying factors (e.g., demographics, knowledge level)
»»Cues to action (e.g., media campaigns, disease impact on family/friends, recommendations from
health care professionals)
»»Perceived benefits minus perceived barriers to taking action
Milio's Framework for Prevention - correct answer ✔✔›› Complements the health belief model
›› Emphasizes change at the community level
›› Identifies relationship between health deficits and availability of health-promoting resources
›› Theorizes that behavior changes within a large number of people can ultimately lead to social change
A community - correct answer ✔✔a group of people and institutions that share geographic, civic, and/or
social parameters.
,Health indicators - correct answer ✔✔*mortality rates, disease prevalence, levels of physical activity,
obesity, tobacco use, substance use
*used to describe the health status of a community and serve as targets for the improvement of a
community's health.
population-focused nursing - correct answer ✔✔Assessing to determine needs and intervening to
protect and promote health, and preventing disease within a specific population
Community-Based Nursing - correct answer ✔✔Focus of Care: Individuals & Families
Nursing Activities: Illness care: where individuals, families, and groups live, work, and "attend" (schools,
camps, prisons)
Community-Oriented Nursing - correct answer ✔✔Focus of Care: At-risk individuals, families, groups, &
Community
Nursing Activities: Health care: Determining health needs to improve the collective health of the
community
Community Health Nursing Practice - correct answer ✔✔Nursing Activities: Promote, preserve, and
maintain the health of populations by the delivery of health services to individuals, families, and groups
in order to impact "community health."
Public Health Nursing Practice - correct answer ✔✔Nursing Activities: Promote, preserve, and maintain
the health of populations through disease and disability prevention and health protection of the
community as a whole.
Respect for Autonomy - correct answer ✔✔ex: Respecting a client's right to self-determination (making a
decision not to pursue chemotherapy)
Nonmaleficence - correct answer ✔✔ex: Developing plans of care that include a system for monitoring
and evaluating outcomes
Beneficence - correct answer ✔✔ex: Assessing risks and benefits when planning interventions
,Distributive Justice - correct answer ✔✔Determining eligibility for health care services based on income
and fiscal resources
Epidemiology - correct answer ✔✔*study of health-related trends in populations for the purposes of
disease prevention, health maintenance, and health protection.
*relies on statistical evidence to determine the rate of spread of disease and the proportion of people
affected.
*used to evaluate the effectiveness of disease prevention and
health promotion and to determine which goals have been met.
epidemiological triangle - correct answer ✔✔study of the relationships among an agent, a host, and an
environment
web of causality - correct answer ✔✔increases or decreases the risk for disease
agent - correct answer ✔✔*animate or inanimate object that causes the disease
*Chemical
*Physical
*Infectious
host - correct answer ✔✔the living being that is affected by the agent.
environment - correct answer ✔✔*the setting or surrounding that sustains the host.
*Physical
*Social
Behavioral theory - correct answer ✔✔Use of reinforcement methods to change learners' behaviors.
Cognitive theory - correct answer ✔✔Use of sensory input and repetition to change learners' patterns of
thought, thereby changing behaviors.
, Susceptible Host - correct answer ✔✔Age
Gender
Genetics
Ethicity
Immunological Status
Physiological State
Occupation
Critical theory - correct answer ✔✔Use of ongoing discussion and inquiry to increase learners' depth of
knowledge, thereby changing thinking and behaviors.
Chemical Agents - correct answer ✔✔Drugs
Toxins
Developmental theory - correct answer ✔✔Use of techniques specific to learners' developmental stages
to determine readiness to learn, and to impart knowledge.
Physical Agents - correct answer ✔✔Noise
Temp.
Humanistic theory - correct answer ✔✔Assists learners to grow by emphasizing emotions and
relationships and believing that free choice will prompt actions that are in their own best interest.
Infectious Agent - correct answer ✔✔Viruses
Bacteria
Social learning theory - correct answer ✔✔Links information to beliefs and values to change or shift the
learners' expectations.
