What are the six most common elements present as covalent components of
bioorganic compounds? - ANSWER Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen,
Sulfur, Phosphorus
What are covalent bonds, and how strong and permanent are they relative to
other bonds in living organisms? - ANSWER Covalent bonds share electrons
between the two atoms. They are the strongest type of bond and are relatively
permanent in living organisms.
What is the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds? What
combinations of atoms are involved in these two kinds of covalent bonds? -
ANSWER In nonpolar covalent bonds the electrons are shared evenly between
the atoms. In polar covalent bonds, they are shared unequally. Polar covalent
bonds occur between atoms with unequal electronegativities.
What are common ionic elements in biological systems? What happens to ionic
substances in the aqueous environment of living organisms? - ANSWER In
biological systems the most common ionic elements are minerals like Na, K, Cl,
and Ca. They can also include charged organic functional groups like carboxyl
and amino. In an aqueous solution, these bonds tend to be transient because
water stabilizes hydrate ions.
What are hydrogen bonds? What organic structures are involved in hydrogen
bonding? What is the importance of hydrogen bonding in living organisms? -
ANSWER Hydrogen bonds occur between a partially positive hydrogen atom
and a partially negative atom, normally oxygen or nitrogen. Alpha-helix and
beta-sheet structures in proteins, enzyme-substrate complexes, and base pair
matching in DNA and RNA all occur due to the collective power of hydrogen
bonds.
What are two types of nonpolar bonds? Why do nonpolar molecules aggregate
together in water? - ANSWER van der Waals interactions and hydrophobic
interactions. Nonpolar molecules aggregate because water prefers to have the
bioorganic compounds? - ANSWER Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen,
Sulfur, Phosphorus
What are covalent bonds, and how strong and permanent are they relative to
other bonds in living organisms? - ANSWER Covalent bonds share electrons
between the two atoms. They are the strongest type of bond and are relatively
permanent in living organisms.
What is the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds? What
combinations of atoms are involved in these two kinds of covalent bonds? -
ANSWER In nonpolar covalent bonds the electrons are shared evenly between
the atoms. In polar covalent bonds, they are shared unequally. Polar covalent
bonds occur between atoms with unequal electronegativities.
What are common ionic elements in biological systems? What happens to ionic
substances in the aqueous environment of living organisms? - ANSWER In
biological systems the most common ionic elements are minerals like Na, K, Cl,
and Ca. They can also include charged organic functional groups like carboxyl
and amino. In an aqueous solution, these bonds tend to be transient because
water stabilizes hydrate ions.
What are hydrogen bonds? What organic structures are involved in hydrogen
bonding? What is the importance of hydrogen bonding in living organisms? -
ANSWER Hydrogen bonds occur between a partially positive hydrogen atom
and a partially negative atom, normally oxygen or nitrogen. Alpha-helix and
beta-sheet structures in proteins, enzyme-substrate complexes, and base pair
matching in DNA and RNA all occur due to the collective power of hydrogen
bonds.
What are two types of nonpolar bonds? Why do nonpolar molecules aggregate
together in water? - ANSWER van der Waals interactions and hydrophobic
interactions. Nonpolar molecules aggregate because water prefers to have the
