ARONSON/WILSON/AKERT/SOMMERS
CHAPTER TWO QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
HindsightkBiask-kanswer--
Thektendencykforkpeoplektokexaggerate,kafterkknowingkthatksomethingkoccurred,khowk
muchktheykcouldkhavekpredictedkitkbeforekitkoccurred
ObservationalkMethodk-kanswer--
Thektechniquekwherebykakresearcherkobserveskpeoplekandksystematicallykrecordskm
easurementskorkimpressionskofktheirkbehavior.kHelpskDESCRIBEktheknaturekofkthekb
ehavior,kdoesknotkprovidekthek"why"
Ethnographyk-kanswer--
Thekmethodkbykwhichkresearcherskattemptktokunderstandkakgroupkorkculturekbykobser
vingkitkfromkthekinside,kwithoutkimposingkanykpreconceivedknotionsktheykmightkhave.k
Usuallykrequireskdisguisekorkdeception.
InterjudgekReliabilityk-kanswer--
Theklevelkofkagreementkbetweenktwokorkmorekpeoplekwhokindependentlykobservekan
dkcodekaksetkofkdata;kbykshowingkthatktwokorkmorekjudgeskindependentlykcomekupkwit
hktheksamekobservations,kresearcherskensurekthatkthekobservationskareknotksubjectiv
e,kdistortedkimpressionskofkonekindividual.
ArchivalkAnalysisk-kanswer--
Formkofkthekobservationalkmethodkwherekthekresearcherkexamineskthekaccumulatedk
documents,korkarchives,kofkakculture
CorrelationalkMethodk-kanswer--
Thektechniquekwherebyktwokorkmorekvariableskareksystematicallykmeasuredkandkthekr
elationshipkbetweenkthemkiskassessed.kCORRELATIONkDOESkNOTkPROVEkCAUS
ATIONk(threekoptionsktokexplainkeverykcorrelation:konekcauseskthekother,kthekreversek
ofkthat,korkakthirdkvariable)
CorrelationkCoefficientk-kanswer--
Akstatisticalktechniquekthatkassesseskhowkwellkyoukcankpredictkonekvariablekfromkano
ther.kPositivekmeanskincreaseskinkonekvariablekalignskwithkincreaseskinkanother.kVick
Versakforknegative.