ATI CARE OF PATIENTS WITH PROBLEMS OF THE
THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLANDS EXAM
NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE ALL 150
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |
ALREADY GRADED A+
Thyroid Gland (TG): - ANSWER - The hypothalamus and the pituitary in the brain
control the normal secretion of thyroid hormones which in turn controls metabolism
- Covers windpipe from three sides
Two hormones of TG: T3 (thyroxine) and T4 (triiodothyronine) help the body to produce
and regulate the hormones adrenaline (also
called epinephrine) and dopamine
- Other hormones from this gland also help regulate metabolism, which is the process
by which calories and oxygen are converted into energy
- Helps in the break down of proteins and process carbohydrates and vitamins.
Problems with TG can lead to uncontrollable weight gain
- The TG cannot produce hormones on its own. The pituitary gland assists in the
creation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
Parathyroid Gland (PTG) - ANSWER - Four found on back surface of thyroid gland. Act
(w/ thyroid gland) to maintain homeostasis of calcium levels.
*Sole purpose -control/maintain calcium and phosphate balance within the blood (8.5
and 10.5).*
- Affects muscle contraction, conduction of electrical currents along nerves. Not related
to thyroid gland which regulates body metabolism
- Controls reabsorption of calcium and excretion of phosphates in the kidneys. Calcium
in the bones, affects bone strength and density
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH) influences cells of the bones to release calcium into the
bloodstream
,- Parathyroid hormone in the lining of the intestines contributes to more efficient
absorption of calcium normally found in our diet
- When the calcium level in the blood is too low, the cells of the parathyroids sense it
and make more parathyroid hormone; once released it circulates to increase the
amount of calcium in the blood (removing them from bones)
- When the calcium level in the blood is too high, the cells of the parathyroids make less
parathyroid hormone (or stop making altogether) thereby, allowing calcium to decrease
Calcium Importance in the body: - ANSWER - Calcium is the primary element which
causes muscles to contract
- Levels are also very important to the normal conduction of electrical currents along
nerves
Function of T3: - ANSWER 1. Metabolism (Catabolic Hormone)
2. Growth (T3 binds with GH to promote growth by bone formation)
3. CNS- Not enough T4 or T3 you can become mentally retarded
4. Autonomic Nervous System- TH stimulates B1 receptors in your heart
5. Basal Metabolic Rate- Oxygenation consumption for ATP and your sodium-potassium
pumps won't work and the cells will die
Common Thyroid Problems: - ANSWER - Grave's Disease
- Functioning Adenomal "Hot Nodule" and Toxic Multinodulal Goiter (TMNG)
- Excessive Intake of TH
- Abnormal Secretion of TSH
- Thyroiditis
- Excessive Iodine Intake
Grave's Disease: - ANSWER - Most common cause of hyperthyroidism
- TG overproduces the TH and is no longer able to respond to the pituitary and
hypothalamus
- Five times more common in women and runs in families
, Risk Factors:
- Smoking
- Viral Illnesses
- Radiation to the Neck
- Medications
- Condition is associated with eye disease called Grave's ophthalmopthy and skin
lesions called dermopathy
- Diagnosis is made by blood tests and a nuclear medicine thyroid scan
- Autoimmune disease resulting from Hashimoto's thyroidism
- Enlargement of thyroid gland (goiter), increased glandular cells, TSI attaches to TSH
- Exophthalmus (protrusion of eyes)
- Pretibial myxedema
- Toxic multinodular goiter - hyperthyroidism caused by multiple thyroid nodules due to
enlarge tissues or benign tumors
- Exogenous hyperthyroidism - excessive use of thyroid replacement hormones
Functioning Adenoma and Toxic Multinodular Goiter: - ANSWER - When the thyroid
gland tissue overgrows, either in individual nodules (the functioning adenoma) or in
multiple clusters (multinodular goiter), it is generally termed a "goiter."
- Goiters appear as large, swollen areas in the front of the neck near the Adam's apple.
- These goiters may over-produce thyroid hormone, causing symptoms of
hyperthyroidism.
Excessive Intake of Thyroid Hormones: - ANSWER - Hyperthyroidism may be caused
by the intake of too much thyroid medication.
- Supplemental thyroid medication is given to patients who have low thyroid hormone, or
hypothyroidism. If the dose is not correct or the patient takes too much of the
medication, hyperthyroidism may occur.
- Some people may abuse thyroid hormone medications in an attempt to lose weight.
- Taking thyroid hormones the body does not need may result in hyperthyroidism.
Abnormal Secretion of TSH: - ANSWER Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted
by the pituitary gland and causes the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormone. A tumor
THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLANDS EXAM
NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE ALL 150
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |
ALREADY GRADED A+
Thyroid Gland (TG): - ANSWER - The hypothalamus and the pituitary in the brain
control the normal secretion of thyroid hormones which in turn controls metabolism
- Covers windpipe from three sides
Two hormones of TG: T3 (thyroxine) and T4 (triiodothyronine) help the body to produce
and regulate the hormones adrenaline (also
called epinephrine) and dopamine
- Other hormones from this gland also help regulate metabolism, which is the process
by which calories and oxygen are converted into energy
- Helps in the break down of proteins and process carbohydrates and vitamins.
Problems with TG can lead to uncontrollable weight gain
- The TG cannot produce hormones on its own. The pituitary gland assists in the
creation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
Parathyroid Gland (PTG) - ANSWER - Four found on back surface of thyroid gland. Act
(w/ thyroid gland) to maintain homeostasis of calcium levels.
*Sole purpose -control/maintain calcium and phosphate balance within the blood (8.5
and 10.5).*
- Affects muscle contraction, conduction of electrical currents along nerves. Not related
to thyroid gland which regulates body metabolism
- Controls reabsorption of calcium and excretion of phosphates in the kidneys. Calcium
in the bones, affects bone strength and density
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH) influences cells of the bones to release calcium into the
bloodstream
,- Parathyroid hormone in the lining of the intestines contributes to more efficient
absorption of calcium normally found in our diet
- When the calcium level in the blood is too low, the cells of the parathyroids sense it
and make more parathyroid hormone; once released it circulates to increase the
amount of calcium in the blood (removing them from bones)
- When the calcium level in the blood is too high, the cells of the parathyroids make less
parathyroid hormone (or stop making altogether) thereby, allowing calcium to decrease
Calcium Importance in the body: - ANSWER - Calcium is the primary element which
causes muscles to contract
- Levels are also very important to the normal conduction of electrical currents along
nerves
Function of T3: - ANSWER 1. Metabolism (Catabolic Hormone)
2. Growth (T3 binds with GH to promote growth by bone formation)
3. CNS- Not enough T4 or T3 you can become mentally retarded
4. Autonomic Nervous System- TH stimulates B1 receptors in your heart
5. Basal Metabolic Rate- Oxygenation consumption for ATP and your sodium-potassium
pumps won't work and the cells will die
Common Thyroid Problems: - ANSWER - Grave's Disease
- Functioning Adenomal "Hot Nodule" and Toxic Multinodulal Goiter (TMNG)
- Excessive Intake of TH
- Abnormal Secretion of TSH
- Thyroiditis
- Excessive Iodine Intake
Grave's Disease: - ANSWER - Most common cause of hyperthyroidism
- TG overproduces the TH and is no longer able to respond to the pituitary and
hypothalamus
- Five times more common in women and runs in families
, Risk Factors:
- Smoking
- Viral Illnesses
- Radiation to the Neck
- Medications
- Condition is associated with eye disease called Grave's ophthalmopthy and skin
lesions called dermopathy
- Diagnosis is made by blood tests and a nuclear medicine thyroid scan
- Autoimmune disease resulting from Hashimoto's thyroidism
- Enlargement of thyroid gland (goiter), increased glandular cells, TSI attaches to TSH
- Exophthalmus (protrusion of eyes)
- Pretibial myxedema
- Toxic multinodular goiter - hyperthyroidism caused by multiple thyroid nodules due to
enlarge tissues or benign tumors
- Exogenous hyperthyroidism - excessive use of thyroid replacement hormones
Functioning Adenoma and Toxic Multinodular Goiter: - ANSWER - When the thyroid
gland tissue overgrows, either in individual nodules (the functioning adenoma) or in
multiple clusters (multinodular goiter), it is generally termed a "goiter."
- Goiters appear as large, swollen areas in the front of the neck near the Adam's apple.
- These goiters may over-produce thyroid hormone, causing symptoms of
hyperthyroidism.
Excessive Intake of Thyroid Hormones: - ANSWER - Hyperthyroidism may be caused
by the intake of too much thyroid medication.
- Supplemental thyroid medication is given to patients who have low thyroid hormone, or
hypothyroidism. If the dose is not correct or the patient takes too much of the
medication, hyperthyroidism may occur.
- Some people may abuse thyroid hormone medications in an attempt to lose weight.
- Taking thyroid hormones the body does not need may result in hyperthyroidism.
Abnormal Secretion of TSH: - ANSWER Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted
by the pituitary gland and causes the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormone. A tumor
