GMS6530: DIURETICS AND ANTIHYPERTENSIVES EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED
general diuretic uses
-edema (accumulation of fluid in body in cardiovascular, renal, endocrine diseases)
-hypertension
-other diseases (described later)
T/F: GFR is 125 ml/min and > 124 ml/min is reabsorbed
True
T/F: the nephron is the functional unit of the kidney
True
general properties of diuretics
1. have direct action on the kidney
2. decrease Na+ reabsorption in the renal tubules
3. various diuretics: a. Act at different sites in the renal tubule, b. differ in their intensity
of action (efficacy), c. differ in their undesirable (and desirable effects)
the renal tubule is a single layer of __________ cells.
epithelial
T/F: unidirectional transport of Na+ is dependent on the polarity of renal tubular
cells
True
T/F: Na+ transport proteins are present ONLY in luminal or apical membrane
, True
T/F: Na+-K+-ATPase (Na+ pump) is present only in the basal and lateral
membrane
True
Two membranes are separated by __________ junctions.
tight
proximal convuluted tubule (PCT)
-around 50% of filtered Na+ and water are reabsorbed
-carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretics = acetazolamide = inhibits NaHCO3 reabsorption
Acetazolamide
-carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic
-inhibits NaHCO3 reabsorption
-indirectly inhibits the sodium proton exchanger
-occurs in PCT
-major side effect is metabolic acidosis (more basic urine)
loop of henle
-around 35% of NaCl reabsorbed
-loop diuretics (furosemide) inhibit NaCl reabsorption in Thick Ascending Limb (TAL) of
Loop of Henle
Furosemide
-lasix
-occurs in TAL of LOH
-blocks Na+ reabsorption by binding to NKCC2 (sodium chloride potassium
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED
general diuretic uses
-edema (accumulation of fluid in body in cardiovascular, renal, endocrine diseases)
-hypertension
-other diseases (described later)
T/F: GFR is 125 ml/min and > 124 ml/min is reabsorbed
True
T/F: the nephron is the functional unit of the kidney
True
general properties of diuretics
1. have direct action on the kidney
2. decrease Na+ reabsorption in the renal tubules
3. various diuretics: a. Act at different sites in the renal tubule, b. differ in their intensity
of action (efficacy), c. differ in their undesirable (and desirable effects)
the renal tubule is a single layer of __________ cells.
epithelial
T/F: unidirectional transport of Na+ is dependent on the polarity of renal tubular
cells
True
T/F: Na+ transport proteins are present ONLY in luminal or apical membrane
, True
T/F: Na+-K+-ATPase (Na+ pump) is present only in the basal and lateral
membrane
True
Two membranes are separated by __________ junctions.
tight
proximal convuluted tubule (PCT)
-around 50% of filtered Na+ and water are reabsorbed
-carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretics = acetazolamide = inhibits NaHCO3 reabsorption
Acetazolamide
-carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic
-inhibits NaHCO3 reabsorption
-indirectly inhibits the sodium proton exchanger
-occurs in PCT
-major side effect is metabolic acidosis (more basic urine)
loop of henle
-around 35% of NaCl reabsorbed
-loop diuretics (furosemide) inhibit NaCl reabsorption in Thick Ascending Limb (TAL) of
Loop of Henle
Furosemide
-lasix
-occurs in TAL of LOH
-blocks Na+ reabsorption by binding to NKCC2 (sodium chloride potassium
