GMS6530: RENAL SYSTEM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
functions of the kidney
-filter blood plasma and excrete toxic wastes
-regulate blood volume, pressure, and osmolarity
-regulate electrolytes and acid base balance
-secrete erythropoietin, which stimulates the production of RBC
-help regulate calcium levels by participating in calcitriol synthesis
-clear hormones from blood
-detoxify free radicals
-in starvation, they synthesize glucose from AA
gross anatomy of kidney
-size of bar of soap
-shaped like kidney bean
-3 tissue coverings
3 tissue coverings on kidney
-renal fascia immediately deep to parietal peritoneum = binds ti abdominal wall
-perirenal fat capsule: cushions kidney and holds it into place
-fibrous capsule encloses kidney protecting it from trauma and infection
T/F: the outer part of the kidney is the cortex and the inner part is the medulla
true
,2 parts of inner renal medulla
-renal columns = extensions of the cortex that project inward toward sinus
-renal pyramids = 6 to 10 with broad base facing cortex and renal papilla facing sinus
minor calyx
-cup that nestles the papilla of each pyramid; collects its urine
major calyces
-formed by convergence of 2 or 3 minor calyces
renal pelvis
-formed by convergence of 2 or 3 major calyces
ureter
-a tubular continuation of the pelvis that drains urine down to the urinary bladder
each kidney has about _______ nephrons
1.2 million
2 principle parts of the nephron
-renal corpuscle = filters the blood plasma
-renal tubule = long, coiled tube that converts filtrate into urine
renal corpuscle
-consists of glomerulus and a 2-layered glomerular capsule that encloses that
glomerulus
-parietal (outer) layer of the glomerular capsule
-visceral (inner) layer of the glomerular capsule
renal tubule
, -duct leading way from the glomerular capsule and ending at the tip of the medullary
pyramid
4 regions of renal tubule
-proximal convoluted tubule
-loop of henle
-distal convoluted tubule
-collecting duct receives fluid from many nephrons
proximal convoluted tubule
-arises from glomerular capsule
-site of MOST absorption/secretion
loop of henle
-descending limb and ascending limb
-heavily engaged in active transport of salts
distal convoluted tubule
-shorter than proximal convoluted tubule
-DCT is the end of the nephron
collecting duct
-receives fluid from distal convoluted tubule of several nephrons as it passes back into
the medulla
-numerous collecting ducts converge toward the tip of the medullary pyramid
-papillary duct is formed by merger of several collecting ducts
flow of fluid from capsule to the point where urine leaves the body
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
functions of the kidney
-filter blood plasma and excrete toxic wastes
-regulate blood volume, pressure, and osmolarity
-regulate electrolytes and acid base balance
-secrete erythropoietin, which stimulates the production of RBC
-help regulate calcium levels by participating in calcitriol synthesis
-clear hormones from blood
-detoxify free radicals
-in starvation, they synthesize glucose from AA
gross anatomy of kidney
-size of bar of soap
-shaped like kidney bean
-3 tissue coverings
3 tissue coverings on kidney
-renal fascia immediately deep to parietal peritoneum = binds ti abdominal wall
-perirenal fat capsule: cushions kidney and holds it into place
-fibrous capsule encloses kidney protecting it from trauma and infection
T/F: the outer part of the kidney is the cortex and the inner part is the medulla
true
,2 parts of inner renal medulla
-renal columns = extensions of the cortex that project inward toward sinus
-renal pyramids = 6 to 10 with broad base facing cortex and renal papilla facing sinus
minor calyx
-cup that nestles the papilla of each pyramid; collects its urine
major calyces
-formed by convergence of 2 or 3 minor calyces
renal pelvis
-formed by convergence of 2 or 3 major calyces
ureter
-a tubular continuation of the pelvis that drains urine down to the urinary bladder
each kidney has about _______ nephrons
1.2 million
2 principle parts of the nephron
-renal corpuscle = filters the blood plasma
-renal tubule = long, coiled tube that converts filtrate into urine
renal corpuscle
-consists of glomerulus and a 2-layered glomerular capsule that encloses that
glomerulus
-parietal (outer) layer of the glomerular capsule
-visceral (inner) layer of the glomerular capsule
renal tubule
, -duct leading way from the glomerular capsule and ending at the tip of the medullary
pyramid
4 regions of renal tubule
-proximal convoluted tubule
-loop of henle
-distal convoluted tubule
-collecting duct receives fluid from many nephrons
proximal convoluted tubule
-arises from glomerular capsule
-site of MOST absorption/secretion
loop of henle
-descending limb and ascending limb
-heavily engaged in active transport of salts
distal convoluted tubule
-shorter than proximal convoluted tubule
-DCT is the end of the nephron
collecting duct
-receives fluid from distal convoluted tubule of several nephrons as it passes back into
the medulla
-numerous collecting ducts converge toward the tip of the medullary pyramid
-papillary duct is formed by merger of several collecting ducts
flow of fluid from capsule to the point where urine leaves the body
