Galen NUR 210 Exam 1 Modules 1-3 Questions And
Answers 2024/2025 Latest Updates
,Galen NUR 210 Exam 1 Modules 1-3 Questions And
Answers 2024/2025 Latest Updates
Pharmacokinetics correct answers The process in which medications move through the body
What are the 4 phases of pharmacokinetics? correct answers absorption, distribution,
metabolism, excretion
Absorption correct answers happens with drug movement from the GI tract into the bloodstream.
Most meds are taken by mouth.
Oral absorption correct answers Takes awhile to get absorbed because it has to go through the GI
system
Usually takes 2-4 hours
•Enteric coated
aspirin - hard on stomach
can not crush pill
•Extended release
absorbed in the small intestine
IM absorption correct answers Absorbed 1-2 hours
IV absorption correct answers Absorbed 30-60 minutes
dissolution correct answers Dissolution happens when a po medication breaks down into
particles, disintegrates, and dissolves to combine with liquid so absorption from the GI tract into
the bloodstream occurs.
Liquid medications are absorbed faster than solids. Food can interfere with the absorption of
drugs.
Drugs that resist dissolution correct answers Parenteral medications (SL, eyedrops, inhalants,
transdermal) do not pass through the GI tract.
Enteric coated medications are designed to resist disintegration until the pill reaches the small
intestine. EC and sustained release meds should not be crushed.
Factors that affect absorption correct answers •Lack of muscle and increased fat changes
medicine absorption
•Food consumption - will change medicine potency (delayed)
•Stress - Exercise, medicine goes to muscle
•pH - Medicine is made for acidic environments
•Antacid changes absorption
•Taken alone so it doesn't change the action
Excipients correct answers Fillers and other substances that make up tablets as a pill is not 100%
drug.
, Galen NUR 210 Exam 1 Modules 1-3 Questions And
Answers 2024/2025 Latest Updates
Sometimes an excipient enhances the absorption of a drug such as with PCN, which is not well
absorbed from the GI tract.
Adding Na to PCN, which makes it penicillin sodium, will increase the absorption of PCN
first pass effect correct answers •the oral drugs go to liver via portal vein where some of the drug
becomes inactive
•Only happens with oral medications
delayed gastric emptying correct answers Food doesn't move like it should
Distribution correct answers refers to the movement of the drug from the circulation to body
tissues
Factors affecting distribution correct answers -blood flow to tissues
-protein binding
-blood brain barrier
-drug's affinity to the tissue
protein binding correct answers Drugs bind with proteins in blood
Some drugs are highly protein bound and other are weakly protein bound
free drugs correct answers drugs not bound to protein
Drug Toxicity correct answers -Two highly protein bound drugs compete and one might
accumulate and cause a toxicity
-it is important to know if you are administering highly protein bound medications and monitor
albumin levels in patients with liver or kidney disease.
-Some drugs that are highly protein bound include: Warfarin
Furosemide
Diazepam
Drug distribution and albumin correct answers -A decrease in albumin levels decrease the
protein-binding sites, which means more of the free drug is circulated.
-This can be fatal with some meds.
-Free drugs are those not bound to protein, which means they are active in the body and cause a
pharmacologic response.
-Older adults, malnourished individuals, and those with liver or kidney disease have low albumin
levels.
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) correct answers -The BBB protects the brain from most drugs.
-Some meds are able to cross the BBB such as benzodiazepines.
-Drugs can cross the placenta and cause spontaneous abortion or alter fetal growth and
development.
Answers 2024/2025 Latest Updates
,Galen NUR 210 Exam 1 Modules 1-3 Questions And
Answers 2024/2025 Latest Updates
Pharmacokinetics correct answers The process in which medications move through the body
What are the 4 phases of pharmacokinetics? correct answers absorption, distribution,
metabolism, excretion
Absorption correct answers happens with drug movement from the GI tract into the bloodstream.
Most meds are taken by mouth.
Oral absorption correct answers Takes awhile to get absorbed because it has to go through the GI
system
Usually takes 2-4 hours
•Enteric coated
aspirin - hard on stomach
can not crush pill
•Extended release
absorbed in the small intestine
IM absorption correct answers Absorbed 1-2 hours
IV absorption correct answers Absorbed 30-60 minutes
dissolution correct answers Dissolution happens when a po medication breaks down into
particles, disintegrates, and dissolves to combine with liquid so absorption from the GI tract into
the bloodstream occurs.
Liquid medications are absorbed faster than solids. Food can interfere with the absorption of
drugs.
Drugs that resist dissolution correct answers Parenteral medications (SL, eyedrops, inhalants,
transdermal) do not pass through the GI tract.
Enteric coated medications are designed to resist disintegration until the pill reaches the small
intestine. EC and sustained release meds should not be crushed.
Factors that affect absorption correct answers •Lack of muscle and increased fat changes
medicine absorption
•Food consumption - will change medicine potency (delayed)
•Stress - Exercise, medicine goes to muscle
•pH - Medicine is made for acidic environments
•Antacid changes absorption
•Taken alone so it doesn't change the action
Excipients correct answers Fillers and other substances that make up tablets as a pill is not 100%
drug.
, Galen NUR 210 Exam 1 Modules 1-3 Questions And
Answers 2024/2025 Latest Updates
Sometimes an excipient enhances the absorption of a drug such as with PCN, which is not well
absorbed from the GI tract.
Adding Na to PCN, which makes it penicillin sodium, will increase the absorption of PCN
first pass effect correct answers •the oral drugs go to liver via portal vein where some of the drug
becomes inactive
•Only happens with oral medications
delayed gastric emptying correct answers Food doesn't move like it should
Distribution correct answers refers to the movement of the drug from the circulation to body
tissues
Factors affecting distribution correct answers -blood flow to tissues
-protein binding
-blood brain barrier
-drug's affinity to the tissue
protein binding correct answers Drugs bind with proteins in blood
Some drugs are highly protein bound and other are weakly protein bound
free drugs correct answers drugs not bound to protein
Drug Toxicity correct answers -Two highly protein bound drugs compete and one might
accumulate and cause a toxicity
-it is important to know if you are administering highly protein bound medications and monitor
albumin levels in patients with liver or kidney disease.
-Some drugs that are highly protein bound include: Warfarin
Furosemide
Diazepam
Drug distribution and albumin correct answers -A decrease in albumin levels decrease the
protein-binding sites, which means more of the free drug is circulated.
-This can be fatal with some meds.
-Free drugs are those not bound to protein, which means they are active in the body and cause a
pharmacologic response.
-Older adults, malnourished individuals, and those with liver or kidney disease have low albumin
levels.
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) correct answers -The BBB protects the brain from most drugs.
-Some meds are able to cross the BBB such as benzodiazepines.
-Drugs can cross the placenta and cause spontaneous abortion or alter fetal growth and
development.
