GMS6540: TOXICOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
pharmacology and toxicology
-both involve study of biological effects of substances = different focus on beneficial
versus adverse side effects
-chemicals of interest are different
-pharmacology = chemicals that can potentially produce beneficial health effects (drugs)
-toxicology = all chemicals to which humans are exposed
-share basic concepts/terminology = includes importance of dose-response
relationships and same language/concepts on interactions among drugs (chemicals),
e.g. synergism, antagonism, potentiation
-toxicology is important to the health practitioner = if you treat poisoned patients and if
your area of practice includes pharmacotherapy (managing side effects)
T/F: susceptibility to toxicity varies among individuals
True
examples of factors that potentially influence susceptibility to toxicity
-age
-gender
-genetic background
-health and nutritional status
-exposure to other drugs and chemicals
, Adverse health effects are determined by __________.
-both the magnitude and duration of exposure
toxidrome
-a drug or chemical will usually elicit a characteristic set of signs and symptoms
Risk of an adverse health effect is determined by both _______.
-dose and potency of the chemical
T/F: risk of toxicity is higher for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index
True
therapeutic index
-ratio between the toxic dose and therapeutic dose of a drug
-drugs with a toxic dose close to the therapeutic dose have a "narrow therapeutic index"
(NTI)
-use of these drugs requires closer supervision
sources of info for LD50
-human studies = case reports from accidental or intentional poisonings, clinical studies,
or epidemiologic studies
-animal studies = controlled studies involving laboratory animal models and standard
toxicity tests/research-oriented studies
-in vitro studies = primarily cell culture studies or high-throughput biochemical assays
-computer modeling = predictive models based upon chemical structure
LD50
-lethal dose (of a toxin) for 50% of the test population
ABC's of poisoning
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
pharmacology and toxicology
-both involve study of biological effects of substances = different focus on beneficial
versus adverse side effects
-chemicals of interest are different
-pharmacology = chemicals that can potentially produce beneficial health effects (drugs)
-toxicology = all chemicals to which humans are exposed
-share basic concepts/terminology = includes importance of dose-response
relationships and same language/concepts on interactions among drugs (chemicals),
e.g. synergism, antagonism, potentiation
-toxicology is important to the health practitioner = if you treat poisoned patients and if
your area of practice includes pharmacotherapy (managing side effects)
T/F: susceptibility to toxicity varies among individuals
True
examples of factors that potentially influence susceptibility to toxicity
-age
-gender
-genetic background
-health and nutritional status
-exposure to other drugs and chemicals
, Adverse health effects are determined by __________.
-both the magnitude and duration of exposure
toxidrome
-a drug or chemical will usually elicit a characteristic set of signs and symptoms
Risk of an adverse health effect is determined by both _______.
-dose and potency of the chemical
T/F: risk of toxicity is higher for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index
True
therapeutic index
-ratio between the toxic dose and therapeutic dose of a drug
-drugs with a toxic dose close to the therapeutic dose have a "narrow therapeutic index"
(NTI)
-use of these drugs requires closer supervision
sources of info for LD50
-human studies = case reports from accidental or intentional poisonings, clinical studies,
or epidemiologic studies
-animal studies = controlled studies involving laboratory animal models and standard
toxicity tests/research-oriented studies
-in vitro studies = primarily cell culture studies or high-throughput biochemical assays
-computer modeling = predictive models based upon chemical structure
LD50
-lethal dose (of a toxin) for 50% of the test population
ABC's of poisoning
