GMS6540: DRUGS TO KNOW EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
S phase drugs
-5-FU
-methotrexate
*these are phase-specific
microtubule phase drugs (M)
-paclitaxel
-vincristine
*these are phase-specific
proliferation-dependent toxicities (chemotherapy)
-bone marrow = myleosuppression
-gut mucosa = mucositis
-hair follicles = alopecia
-germ cells = teratogenicity and temporary/permanent sterility (cyclophosphamide)
-second malignancies
hemorrhagic cystitis is a special toxicity associated with _________.
-cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
neurotoxicity is a special toxicity associated with ________.
,-microtubule inhibitors (vincristine, paclitaxel)
-cisplatin
DNA Alkylating agents
-DNA helix must come apart during replication = cross-links block DNA replication and
trigger cell death
-cyclophosphamide (cytoxan)
-cisplatin (platinol)
-bleomycin (blenoxane)
cyclophosphamide (cytoxan)
-DNA alkylating agent
-cross-links block DNA replication and trigger cell death
-toxicities:
1. myelosuppression
2. secondary malignancies
3. bladder (hemorrhagic cystitis)
cisplatin (platinol)
-DNA alkylating agent
-cross-links DNA = guanines
-toxicities:
1. renal (cumulative)- major dose limiting toxicity
2. peripheral neuropathy
3. MINIMAL myelosuppression
bleomycin (blenoxane)
,-DNA alkylating agent
-binds DNA and generates free radicals that cause breaks in DNA
-toxicities:
1. MINIMAL myelosuppression
2. pulmonary fibrosis, erythema (inhibition of hydrolase in lung tissue)
topoisomerase II inhibitors
-doxorubicin (adriamycin)
-etoposide (vepesid)
doxorubicin (adriamycin) and etoposide (vepesid)
-topoisomerase II inhibitors
-drug traps enzyme-DNA complex resulting in DNA breaks
-toxicities:
1. myelosuppression
2. cardiotoxicity
3. dose-related/cumulative
microtubule drugs
-cell cycle, M phase specific = bind tubulin and block mitosis
-vincristine (oncovin)
-paclitaxel (taxol)
vincristine (oncovin)
-M phase specific microtubule drug
-vinca alkaloid
-binds tubulin and blocks mitosis
, -blocks the ASSEMBLY of microtubules
-unstable microtubules
-disassembly > assembly
-toxicities:
1. neurotoxicity
2. MINIMAL myelosuppression
paclitaxel (taxol)
-M phase specific microtubule drug
-taxanes
-binds tubulin and blocks mitosis
-blocks DISASSEMBLY of microtubules
-assembly > disassembly
-toxicities:
1. neurotoxicity
2. myelosuppression
antimetabolites
-methotrexate
-5-fluorouracil
-cytosine arabinoside
methotrexate (mexate)
-antimetabolite
-looks like folic acid
-inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
S phase drugs
-5-FU
-methotrexate
*these are phase-specific
microtubule phase drugs (M)
-paclitaxel
-vincristine
*these are phase-specific
proliferation-dependent toxicities (chemotherapy)
-bone marrow = myleosuppression
-gut mucosa = mucositis
-hair follicles = alopecia
-germ cells = teratogenicity and temporary/permanent sterility (cyclophosphamide)
-second malignancies
hemorrhagic cystitis is a special toxicity associated with _________.
-cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
neurotoxicity is a special toxicity associated with ________.
,-microtubule inhibitors (vincristine, paclitaxel)
-cisplatin
DNA Alkylating agents
-DNA helix must come apart during replication = cross-links block DNA replication and
trigger cell death
-cyclophosphamide (cytoxan)
-cisplatin (platinol)
-bleomycin (blenoxane)
cyclophosphamide (cytoxan)
-DNA alkylating agent
-cross-links block DNA replication and trigger cell death
-toxicities:
1. myelosuppression
2. secondary malignancies
3. bladder (hemorrhagic cystitis)
cisplatin (platinol)
-DNA alkylating agent
-cross-links DNA = guanines
-toxicities:
1. renal (cumulative)- major dose limiting toxicity
2. peripheral neuropathy
3. MINIMAL myelosuppression
bleomycin (blenoxane)
,-DNA alkylating agent
-binds DNA and generates free radicals that cause breaks in DNA
-toxicities:
1. MINIMAL myelosuppression
2. pulmonary fibrosis, erythema (inhibition of hydrolase in lung tissue)
topoisomerase II inhibitors
-doxorubicin (adriamycin)
-etoposide (vepesid)
doxorubicin (adriamycin) and etoposide (vepesid)
-topoisomerase II inhibitors
-drug traps enzyme-DNA complex resulting in DNA breaks
-toxicities:
1. myelosuppression
2. cardiotoxicity
3. dose-related/cumulative
microtubule drugs
-cell cycle, M phase specific = bind tubulin and block mitosis
-vincristine (oncovin)
-paclitaxel (taxol)
vincristine (oncovin)
-M phase specific microtubule drug
-vinca alkaloid
-binds tubulin and blocks mitosis
, -blocks the ASSEMBLY of microtubules
-unstable microtubules
-disassembly > assembly
-toxicities:
1. neurotoxicity
2. MINIMAL myelosuppression
paclitaxel (taxol)
-M phase specific microtubule drug
-taxanes
-binds tubulin and blocks mitosis
-blocks DISASSEMBLY of microtubules
-assembly > disassembly
-toxicities:
1. neurotoxicity
2. myelosuppression
antimetabolites
-methotrexate
-5-fluorouracil
-cytosine arabinoside
methotrexate (mexate)
-antimetabolite
-looks like folic acid
-inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)
