GMS6551 FINAL EXAM - PROBLEM SETS 3-5 EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
What is the definition of pharmacodynamics?
what a drug does to an organism
What percentage of molecular drug targets consist of enzymes?
28%
What percentage of molecular drug targets are hormones?
11%
What percentage of molecular drug targets are receptors?
45%
Ion channels make up what percentage of molecular drug targets?
5%
DNA makes up what percentage of molecular drug targets?
4%
What percentage of molecular drug targets are unknown?
7%
What are enzymes targets for?
cancer drugs; cholesterol lowering drugs; anti-hypertensive drugs; and drugs for
pain/inflammation
What is an example of a cancer drug?
dihydrofolate reducatse inhibitors (methotrexate)
What is an example of a drug used for lowering cholesterol?
,atorvastatin (an acetyl CoA reductase inhibitor)
What is a specific example of an ACE inhibitor?
enalapril
What are some examples of drugs used for the treatment of pain/inflammation?
COX (cycloxygenase) inhibitors like aspirin and ibuprofen
What kind of drugs target receptors?
drugs used to treat CNS and cardiac disorders
What are some examples of drugs used to treat CNS disorders?
antipsychotice (zyprexa, risperdal, abilify) and anti-parkinsonain (apokyn, requip)
What are some examples of drugs used to treat cardiac conditions?
angiotensin blockers (cozaar) and beta blockers (propanolol)
What are the four transmembrane signal mechanisms?
1. channel-linked receptors (ionotropic)
2. G-protein coupled receptors (metabotropic)
3. kinase-linked receptors
4. receptors linked to gene transcription (nuclear receptors)
Which kind of transmembrane receptors are ionotropic?
channel-linked
Which kind of transmembrane receptors are metabotropic?
GPCR
How long does it take for ionotropic receptors signaling mechanisms to work?
milliseconds
What are some examples of ionotropic receptors?
, nicotinic ACh receptors
How long does it take for GPCR signaling mechanisms to take place?
seconds
What are some examples of GPCR?
muscarinic ACh receptos
How long does it take for kinase-linked receptor signaling mechanisms to take
place?
minutes
What are some examples of kinase-linked receptors?
insulin receptors
How long does it take for nuclear receptor signaling to occur?
hours
What is an example of a nuclear receptor?
estrogen receptor
Are acetylcholine receptors muscarinic or nicotinic?
both
What are the receptor types of ligand gated channel receptors?
ACh, GABA, serotonin, glutamate
What are ligand gated ACh receptors involved in?
neurotransmission
What is an example of a tyrosine kinase coupled receptor?
EGF
What are some examples of cytokine receptors?
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
What is the definition of pharmacodynamics?
what a drug does to an organism
What percentage of molecular drug targets consist of enzymes?
28%
What percentage of molecular drug targets are hormones?
11%
What percentage of molecular drug targets are receptors?
45%
Ion channels make up what percentage of molecular drug targets?
5%
DNA makes up what percentage of molecular drug targets?
4%
What percentage of molecular drug targets are unknown?
7%
What are enzymes targets for?
cancer drugs; cholesterol lowering drugs; anti-hypertensive drugs; and drugs for
pain/inflammation
What is an example of a cancer drug?
dihydrofolate reducatse inhibitors (methotrexate)
What is an example of a drug used for lowering cholesterol?
,atorvastatin (an acetyl CoA reductase inhibitor)
What is a specific example of an ACE inhibitor?
enalapril
What are some examples of drugs used for the treatment of pain/inflammation?
COX (cycloxygenase) inhibitors like aspirin and ibuprofen
What kind of drugs target receptors?
drugs used to treat CNS and cardiac disorders
What are some examples of drugs used to treat CNS disorders?
antipsychotice (zyprexa, risperdal, abilify) and anti-parkinsonain (apokyn, requip)
What are some examples of drugs used to treat cardiac conditions?
angiotensin blockers (cozaar) and beta blockers (propanolol)
What are the four transmembrane signal mechanisms?
1. channel-linked receptors (ionotropic)
2. G-protein coupled receptors (metabotropic)
3. kinase-linked receptors
4. receptors linked to gene transcription (nuclear receptors)
Which kind of transmembrane receptors are ionotropic?
channel-linked
Which kind of transmembrane receptors are metabotropic?
GPCR
How long does it take for ionotropic receptors signaling mechanisms to work?
milliseconds
What are some examples of ionotropic receptors?
, nicotinic ACh receptors
How long does it take for GPCR signaling mechanisms to take place?
seconds
What are some examples of GPCR?
muscarinic ACh receptos
How long does it take for kinase-linked receptor signaling mechanisms to take
place?
minutes
What are some examples of kinase-linked receptors?
insulin receptors
How long does it take for nuclear receptor signaling to occur?
hours
What is an example of a nuclear receptor?
estrogen receptor
Are acetylcholine receptors muscarinic or nicotinic?
both
What are the receptor types of ligand gated channel receptors?
ACh, GABA, serotonin, glutamate
What are ligand gated ACh receptors involved in?
neurotransmission
What is an example of a tyrosine kinase coupled receptor?
EGF
What are some examples of cytokine receptors?
