GMS6551 FINAL EXAM PROBLEM SETS 7-9 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED

GMS6551 FINAL EXAM PROBLEM SETS 7-9 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED What is the percentage of lung cancer caused by smoking in men and women? 90% in men; 80% in women How much of all lung cancer could be avoided without smoking? 85% T/F: Adolescent smoking permanently increases the risk of lung cancer true What are some of the types of lung cancer? non-small cell lung cancer; squamous cell carcinoma; adenocarcinoma; small sell carcinoma; undifferentiated carcinoma What is now the most common type of lung cancer? adenocarcinoma What are the three primary categories of tobacco carcinogens? polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbond (PAHs); tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA); aromatic amines (AA) What are considered the predominant carcinogens? benzoapyrene (BaP) and nicotine-dervied nitrosamine ketone (NNK); PAH and TSNA How are BaPs formed? activated by metabolism; forms adducts with guanine; adducts prevent proper DNA maintenance What are nitrosamines? nicotine derivatives formed during combustion What are the primary forms of aromatic amines? 4-aminobiphenyl and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) What are some examples of drug metabolizing enzymes? CYP1A1; CYP1A2; CYP2D6; CYP2E1; GSTM1 What are some features of CYP1A1? activates PAH and AA; 10% of caucasians have a highly inducible form; higher risk of respiratory cancer What are some features of CYP1A2? activates AA; metabolizes nicotine What are some features of CYP2D6? activates NNK; metabolizes nicotine What are some features of CYP2E1?