HESI RN ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS [DETAILED
ANSWERS] WITH RATIONALES 2024 UPDATED
VERSION CERTIFIED 100% GRADED A+
Which of the following are correct functions for calcium? Select all that apply - ANSWER>>-
Plays a role in stabilizing electrical membranes through control of sodium
-Is necessary for neurotransmitter release at a synapse
-Is involved in the release of hormones
-Is essential in blood clotting
Potassium levels are most closely regulated by: - ANSWER>>Aldosterone
Which electrolyte blocks calcium movement into cells thereby acting as a smooth muscle
relaxant? - ANSWER>>Magnesium
Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between calcium and phosphorous
(phosphate)? - ANSWER>>Increased levels of phosphorous will result in an increase in
reabsorption of calcium at the renal tubules
All of the following are functions (roles) of sodium in the body EXCEPT: - ANSWER>>Is a cofactor
for enzyme reactions, including the actions of kinase in formation of ATP
An individual with uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus is at risk of developing: -
ANSWER>>Hypertonic Hyponatremia
Which of the following best describes the manifestations associated with Hyponatremia? -
ANSWER>>The manifestations are due to an increase in intracellular water
Magnesium deficiency can by caused by.... (select all that apply) - ANSWER>>-Laxative abuse
-Malnutrition
-Alcoholism
-ECF - ICF shifts
, Which of the following statements correctly describes the regulation of magnesium? -
ANSWER>>An increase in calcium levels reduces magnesium reabsorption
The most serious consequence of potassium imbalances effect... - ANSWER>>The
cardiovascular system
Chvostek's sign is a common manifestation of: - ANSWER>>Hyperphosphatemia
Arterial blood gases of a client with a diagnosis of acute renal failure reveal a pH of 7.25, HCO3-
level of 18 mEq/L, accompanied by a respiratory rate of 32 (high). This client is most likely
experiencing which disorder of acid-base balance? - ANSWER>>Metabolic acidosis
(compensated)
A 77-year-old woman has been brought to the emergency department by her daughter because
of a sudden and unprecedented onset of confusion. The client admits to ingesting large
amounts of baking soda this morning to treat some "indigestion." How will the woman's body
attempt to resolve this disruption in acid-base balance? - ANSWER>>Hypoventilation
A client is brought to the emergency department semicomatose and a blood glucose reading of
673 mg/dL (high). He is diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Blood gas results are as
follows: serum pH 7.29 and HCO3- level 19 mEq/dL; PCO2 level 36mm Hg. The nurse should
anticipate that which of the following orders may correct this diabetic ketosis? -
ANSWER>>Initiating an insulin IV infusion along with fluid replacement
As other mechanisms prepare to respond to a pH imbalance, immediate buffering is a result of
increased: - ANSWER>>Bicarbonate/carbonic acid regulation
Lilian has the following lab result: pCO2 =15; HCO3-= 35. Lilian's pH is ______ and she is
suffering from __________ - ANSWER>>7.99: alkalosis
A patient's ABG's show a pH of 7.53 & bicarbonate level of 36 mEq/L. The nurse realizes that
the acid-base disorder this patient is demonstrating is which of the following? -
ANSWER>>metabolic alkalosis
James has the following lab result: pH 7.2, Na+= 145 mEq/L, K+ =5 Cl- = 100 mEq/L, HC03- = 12
mEq/L; Fasting Blood sugar of 500 mg/dL
Calculate anion gap and indicate which acid base disorder this person is suffering from. (Normal
anion gap = 8-12 mEq/L) - ANSWER>>38: Respiratory Acidosis
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS [DETAILED
ANSWERS] WITH RATIONALES 2024 UPDATED
VERSION CERTIFIED 100% GRADED A+
Which of the following are correct functions for calcium? Select all that apply - ANSWER>>-
Plays a role in stabilizing electrical membranes through control of sodium
-Is necessary for neurotransmitter release at a synapse
-Is involved in the release of hormones
-Is essential in blood clotting
Potassium levels are most closely regulated by: - ANSWER>>Aldosterone
Which electrolyte blocks calcium movement into cells thereby acting as a smooth muscle
relaxant? - ANSWER>>Magnesium
Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between calcium and phosphorous
(phosphate)? - ANSWER>>Increased levels of phosphorous will result in an increase in
reabsorption of calcium at the renal tubules
All of the following are functions (roles) of sodium in the body EXCEPT: - ANSWER>>Is a cofactor
for enzyme reactions, including the actions of kinase in formation of ATP
An individual with uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus is at risk of developing: -
ANSWER>>Hypertonic Hyponatremia
Which of the following best describes the manifestations associated with Hyponatremia? -
ANSWER>>The manifestations are due to an increase in intracellular water
Magnesium deficiency can by caused by.... (select all that apply) - ANSWER>>-Laxative abuse
-Malnutrition
-Alcoholism
-ECF - ICF shifts
, Which of the following statements correctly describes the regulation of magnesium? -
ANSWER>>An increase in calcium levels reduces magnesium reabsorption
The most serious consequence of potassium imbalances effect... - ANSWER>>The
cardiovascular system
Chvostek's sign is a common manifestation of: - ANSWER>>Hyperphosphatemia
Arterial blood gases of a client with a diagnosis of acute renal failure reveal a pH of 7.25, HCO3-
level of 18 mEq/L, accompanied by a respiratory rate of 32 (high). This client is most likely
experiencing which disorder of acid-base balance? - ANSWER>>Metabolic acidosis
(compensated)
A 77-year-old woman has been brought to the emergency department by her daughter because
of a sudden and unprecedented onset of confusion. The client admits to ingesting large
amounts of baking soda this morning to treat some "indigestion." How will the woman's body
attempt to resolve this disruption in acid-base balance? - ANSWER>>Hypoventilation
A client is brought to the emergency department semicomatose and a blood glucose reading of
673 mg/dL (high). He is diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Blood gas results are as
follows: serum pH 7.29 and HCO3- level 19 mEq/dL; PCO2 level 36mm Hg. The nurse should
anticipate that which of the following orders may correct this diabetic ketosis? -
ANSWER>>Initiating an insulin IV infusion along with fluid replacement
As other mechanisms prepare to respond to a pH imbalance, immediate buffering is a result of
increased: - ANSWER>>Bicarbonate/carbonic acid regulation
Lilian has the following lab result: pCO2 =15; HCO3-= 35. Lilian's pH is ______ and she is
suffering from __________ - ANSWER>>7.99: alkalosis
A patient's ABG's show a pH of 7.53 & bicarbonate level of 36 mEq/L. The nurse realizes that
the acid-base disorder this patient is demonstrating is which of the following? -
ANSWER>>metabolic alkalosis
James has the following lab result: pH 7.2, Na+= 145 mEq/L, K+ =5 Cl- = 100 mEq/L, HC03- = 12
mEq/L; Fasting Blood sugar of 500 mg/dL
Calculate anion gap and indicate which acid base disorder this person is suffering from. (Normal
anion gap = 8-12 mEq/L) - ANSWER>>38: Respiratory Acidosis
