Neuro Pathophysiology QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
What is the function of the nervous system? - ANSWER>>transmits messages to
and from the brain to regulate all of the body and its systems.
Central Nervous System (CNS) - ANSWER>>Brain, spinal chord, neurons, and glial
cells
The peripheral nervous system consists of - ANSWER>>somatic and autonomic
nervous systems
Somatic nervous systems - ANSWER>>Voluntary movement of skeletal muscles
Autonomic nervous system consists of - ANSWER>>sympathetic and
parasympathetic
Sympathetic nervous system - ANSWER>>fight or flight- everything speeds up
Parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER>>rest and digest- everything slows
down
Neurons - ANSWER>>Neurons transmit impulses, process information,
& connect with other neurons
Motor neurons - ANSWER>>Movement
Sensory neurons - ANSWER>>receive signals from peripheral system- sends back
to brain
Interneurons - ANSWER>>Communication
, Dendrites - ANSWER>>Receive signals
Axon - ANSWER>>Outgoing signals
Axon terminals - ANSWER>>contain neurotransmitters
Synapses at end of axon terminals
Acetylcholine - ANSWER>>Acts as excitatory or inhibitory neuron depending
where it is secreted
Works in ANS as inhibitory to slow HR
Works in PNS as excitatory at neuromuscular junctions
Serotonin - ANSWER>>Primarily found in GI tract, platelets, and CNS
Contributes to feelings of well-being in the CNS
Dopamine - ANSWER>>Has a role in behavior, cognition, voluntary movement,
motivation, punishment & reward, attention, working memory, learning
Dysfunction is linked to many disorders
Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) - ANSWER>>Chief inhibitory neurotransmitter
of the CNS
Has relaxing, antianxiety, and anticonvulsive effect on brain
Decreased muscle spasms and allows for muscle tone
Norepinephrine - ANSWER>>Excitatory in the brain
Stress hormone in the endocrine system
Glutamate - ANSWER>>Major mediator of excitatory signals in the CNS
Involved in cognition, memory, and learning
Accumulation in the extracellular space in the brain can cause brain cell injury and
death
AND ANSWERS
What is the function of the nervous system? - ANSWER>>transmits messages to
and from the brain to regulate all of the body and its systems.
Central Nervous System (CNS) - ANSWER>>Brain, spinal chord, neurons, and glial
cells
The peripheral nervous system consists of - ANSWER>>somatic and autonomic
nervous systems
Somatic nervous systems - ANSWER>>Voluntary movement of skeletal muscles
Autonomic nervous system consists of - ANSWER>>sympathetic and
parasympathetic
Sympathetic nervous system - ANSWER>>fight or flight- everything speeds up
Parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER>>rest and digest- everything slows
down
Neurons - ANSWER>>Neurons transmit impulses, process information,
& connect with other neurons
Motor neurons - ANSWER>>Movement
Sensory neurons - ANSWER>>receive signals from peripheral system- sends back
to brain
Interneurons - ANSWER>>Communication
, Dendrites - ANSWER>>Receive signals
Axon - ANSWER>>Outgoing signals
Axon terminals - ANSWER>>contain neurotransmitters
Synapses at end of axon terminals
Acetylcholine - ANSWER>>Acts as excitatory or inhibitory neuron depending
where it is secreted
Works in ANS as inhibitory to slow HR
Works in PNS as excitatory at neuromuscular junctions
Serotonin - ANSWER>>Primarily found in GI tract, platelets, and CNS
Contributes to feelings of well-being in the CNS
Dopamine - ANSWER>>Has a role in behavior, cognition, voluntary movement,
motivation, punishment & reward, attention, working memory, learning
Dysfunction is linked to many disorders
Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) - ANSWER>>Chief inhibitory neurotransmitter
of the CNS
Has relaxing, antianxiety, and anticonvulsive effect on brain
Decreased muscle spasms and allows for muscle tone
Norepinephrine - ANSWER>>Excitatory in the brain
Stress hormone in the endocrine system
Glutamate - ANSWER>>Major mediator of excitatory signals in the CNS
Involved in cognition, memory, and learning
Accumulation in the extracellular space in the brain can cause brain cell injury and
death
