·
,Nucleic dcids
-
Nucleic acids are macromolecules that are composed of polymers consisting of long
chains of monomers called nucleotides.
-
There are 2 types of nucleic acids :
1) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
2) Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
-
Nucleotides are building block of DNA .
It consists of 3 parts :
1) Nitrogen base
·
0-
2) Deoxyribose Sugar (5-c) I
3) Phosphate group
-
Nitrogenous bases contain
5 different types of bases in 2 groups :
1) pyrimidines 2) purines
↳ cytosine ↳ Adenine
↳ The mine ↳ Guanine
↳ uracil
Complementary base pairingOf DNA
-
The 2 DNA chains are held together by hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases.
-
Adenine is paired with Thymine . Guanine is paired with cytosine .
T
Adenine Thymine
↳
= , Guanine =
cytosine
2 hydrogen bond form between A T =
3 hydrogen bond form between G =
-
Chargaff's rules States that in any organisms
genome , the amount of A = T and the amount C = G
Ex :
- 30 % .
A . What is the T , C , G?
A = T 100 % -30 % -30 / . = 40 / .
T = 30 % C = G C = 20 / G = 20/
-
A DNA Chain consists of nucleotides joined. by
covalent bonds between phosphate and Sugar.
-In
DNA . 2 strands of nucleotides bind
together in
double helix. The strands run in opposite directions or anti parallel
-
Nucleotides in DNA backbone are bonded together by
phosphodiester linkage between 3' and 5' carbons.
-
DNA molecule has direction. Complementary strands run in
opposite direction .
, Complementary base pairing of RNA
-
RNA is essential for the Synthesis of proteins .
-
RNA commonly exists as single strand.
-
When DNA is transcribed into RNA transcript , Guanine Pairs with cytosine
and adenine pairs with uracil .
&
↳ Guanine = cytosine , Adenine = uracil
=
↳ 2 hydrogen bund form between A =
3 hydrogen bond form between G = c
- RNA contains ribose Sugar.
Pentose Sugars in RNA and DNA
5 51
HOCH2 OH
to this carbon
Structure Double helix
I Bases C ,
T ,
A , G C ,
U , A ,
G
DNA in cells
-
In eukaryote >
- DNA found in the nucleus .
-
DNA is broken up into a number of very long , linear pieces called chromosomes .
-
In prokaryotes - DNA is located in a specialized cell region called the nucleotide
-
chromosomes are much smaller and often circular (ring Shape) -
prevent Some
nucleotides from losing during DNA replication .
-
Genes are made up of DNA .
-
Genes give body instructions . Ex ; to make proteins.
,Nucleic dcids
-
Nucleic acids are macromolecules that are composed of polymers consisting of long
chains of monomers called nucleotides.
-
There are 2 types of nucleic acids :
1) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
2) Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
-
Nucleotides are building block of DNA .
It consists of 3 parts :
1) Nitrogen base
·
0-
2) Deoxyribose Sugar (5-c) I
3) Phosphate group
-
Nitrogenous bases contain
5 different types of bases in 2 groups :
1) pyrimidines 2) purines
↳ cytosine ↳ Adenine
↳ The mine ↳ Guanine
↳ uracil
Complementary base pairingOf DNA
-
The 2 DNA chains are held together by hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases.
-
Adenine is paired with Thymine . Guanine is paired with cytosine .
T
Adenine Thymine
↳
= , Guanine =
cytosine
2 hydrogen bond form between A T =
3 hydrogen bond form between G =
-
Chargaff's rules States that in any organisms
genome , the amount of A = T and the amount C = G
Ex :
- 30 % .
A . What is the T , C , G?
A = T 100 % -30 % -30 / . = 40 / .
T = 30 % C = G C = 20 / G = 20/
-
A DNA Chain consists of nucleotides joined. by
covalent bonds between phosphate and Sugar.
-In
DNA . 2 strands of nucleotides bind
together in
double helix. The strands run in opposite directions or anti parallel
-
Nucleotides in DNA backbone are bonded together by
phosphodiester linkage between 3' and 5' carbons.
-
DNA molecule has direction. Complementary strands run in
opposite direction .
, Complementary base pairing of RNA
-
RNA is essential for the Synthesis of proteins .
-
RNA commonly exists as single strand.
-
When DNA is transcribed into RNA transcript , Guanine Pairs with cytosine
and adenine pairs with uracil .
&
↳ Guanine = cytosine , Adenine = uracil
=
↳ 2 hydrogen bund form between A =
3 hydrogen bond form between G = c
- RNA contains ribose Sugar.
Pentose Sugars in RNA and DNA
5 51
HOCH2 OH
to this carbon
Structure Double helix
I Bases C ,
T ,
A , G C ,
U , A ,
G
DNA in cells
-
In eukaryote >
- DNA found in the nucleus .
-
DNA is broken up into a number of very long , linear pieces called chromosomes .
-
In prokaryotes - DNA is located in a specialized cell region called the nucleotide
-
chromosomes are much smaller and often circular (ring Shape) -
prevent Some
nucleotides from losing during DNA replication .
-
Genes are made up of DNA .
-
Genes give body instructions . Ex ; to make proteins.
